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Clinical Neurology > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of conditions that can mimic stroke

A 
Seizures
Sepsis
SOL
Delirium
Dementia
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2
Q

What score is used to help diagnose stroke in the emergency setting?

A

Rosier score

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3
Q

What is the main imaging used to differentiate between haemorrhages and infarcts?

A

CT scan

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4
Q

What advantage does MRI have over CT in diagnosing stroke?

A

MRI is sensitive for blood after one week, CT is not

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5
Q

What are the four main types of stroke?

A

Total anterior circulation syndrome
Partial anterior circulation syndrome
Lacunar syndrome
Posterior circulation syndrome

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6
Q

Give the three main features of TACS

A

Hemiplegia involving face, arm or leg
Homonymous hemianopia
Cortical signs (dysphasia)

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7
Q

What are the main features of PACS?

A

2/3 features in TACS OR Isolated cortical dysfunction

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8
Q

What parts of the brain are affected by LACS?

A 
Deeper parts (basal ganglia/thalamus)
Brainstem
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9
Q

What are some features of POCS?

A

CN palsies
Bilateral motor/sensory defects
Cortical blindness
Cerebellar deficits

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10
Q

A stroke affecting which side gives worst prognosis in MOST people?

A

Left side

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11
Q

What are the main causes of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease?

A

Atherothromboembolism
Intracranial small vessel disease
Cardiac embolism

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12
Q

What scan is done to assess clots in the carotid artery?

A

Doppler ultrasound

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13
Q

What is the commonest type of small vessel disease?

A

Arteriosclerotic

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14
Q

What condition results in a 5 fold increase in stroke risk?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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15
Q

What congenital heart condition can result in stroke?

A

Patent foramen ovale

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16
Q

What are the main causes of primary intracerebral haemorrhage?

A

Hypertension

Amyloid angiopathy

17
Q

What are the main causes of secondary intracerebral haemorrhage?

A

Arteriovenous malformation
Aneurysm
Tumour

18
Q

A bleed deep within the brain is associated with hypertension/amyloid angiopathy

A

Hypertension (lobar = amyloid angiopathy)

19
Q

Name some of the acute stroke management options

A

Thrombolysis
Imaging
Swallowing
Antiplatelets

20
Q

How long after stroke can thrombolysis be given?

A

Up to 4.5 hours (at the very latest)

21
Q

What is the main thrombolysis method used to treat stroke?

A

IV tissue plasminogen activator

22
Q

Give the ABCDD of stroke prevention

A 
Antithrombotic therapy
Blood pressure
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Don't smoke
23
Q

What drug is significant in reducing recurrent stroke risk?

A

Perindopril

Clinical Neurology (20 decks)

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