Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

What is Parkinsonism?

A

When you have symptoms that correlate with extrapyramidal problems

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2
Q

What occurs in Parkinson’s?

A

The dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra are diminshed

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3
Q

What is a histological hallmark of Parkinson’s?

A

Lewy bodies

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4
Q

Give some motor features of Parkinson’s

A

Tremor
Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Postural instability

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5
Q

Give some non-motor features of Parkinson’s

A
Sleep disorders
Hallucinations
GI dysfunction
Depression
Dementia
Anosmia
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6
Q

In Parkinson’s, which tend to present first - motor or non-motor features?

A

Non-motor

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7
Q

How is Parkinson’s most commonly diagnosed?

A

Clinically - Parkinsonism, no alternative explanation and dopamine response

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8
Q

What diagnostic tests can be used for Parkinson’s?

A

Structural brain imaging

SPECT

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9
Q

Give some risk factors for Parkinson’s

A
Old age
Family history
Male
Head injury
Beta blocker use
Pesticide exposure
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10
Q

What are the aims of Parkinson’s treatment?

A

Enhancing intracerebral dopamine concentrations

Stimulating dopamine receptors

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11
Q

Give some examples of drugs used in Parkinson’s

A
Levodopa
Dopamine agonists (cabergoline)
MAO type B inhibitors
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12
Q

When should Parkinson’s treatment be started?

A

When the patient experiences disability

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13
Q

Which drug class is used in moderate symptoms?

A

MAO type B inhibtors

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14
Q

Which drug class is used in severe symptoms?

A

Dopamine agents

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15
Q

Give some side effects of dopamine agonists

A

Nausea
Daytime sleepiness
Oedema

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16
Q

Who should dopamine agonists be avoided in?

A

Patients with a history of addiction or impulse control disorders