Analgesia Flashcards

1
Q

Give ways in which analgesics may reduce nociception

A

Acting at site of injury
Blocking nerve conduction
Suppressing nociceptive signals in dorsal horn
Activating inhibitory controls

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2
Q

Opioid action is mediated by which receptors?

A

G protein-coupled opioid receptors

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3
Q

What are the classes of opioid receptors?

A

Mu
Delta
Kappa

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4
Q

Which of the opioid receptors are responsible for most the opioid analgesic action?

A

Mu

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5
Q

What is the main respiratory side effect of opioids?

A

Apnoea

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6
Q

What is the main cardiovascular side effect of opioids?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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7
Q

Give some GI side effects of opioids

A

N + V

Constipation

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8
Q

Give some CNS side effects of opioids

A

Confusion
Euphoria
Hallucinations
Dizziness

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9
Q

When is heroin used to control pain?

A

Severe post-operative pain

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10
Q

Why is codeine useless in some patients?

A

As they lack the enzymes to convert it to morphine

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11
Q

Fentanyl is suitable for acute/chronic pain states

A

Chronic

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12
Q

When is pethidine mainly used?

A

Labour pains in childbirth

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13
Q

Which drug is used to antagonise mu receptors and reverse opioid toxicity?

A

Naloxone

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14
Q

How do NSAIDs work?

A

They inhibit COX enzymes to prevent synthesis of prostaglandins

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15
Q

Give examples of drugs that can be used for neuropathic pain

A

Gabapentin/pregabalin
Amitryptiline (TCA)
Carbamazepine

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