Intracranial Haemorrhage Flashcards
What occurs in a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
There is bleeding into the subarachnoid space
How does subarachnoid haemorrhage present?
Sudden onset severe headache Collapse Vomiting Neck pain Photophobia
What is the gold standard imaging for subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Cerebral angiography
What may be seen in a lumbar puncture of subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Xanthochromic CSF (6-48hrs post SAH)
What is the main complication of subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Re-bleeding
Give some other complications of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Delayed ischaemic deficit
Hydrocephalus
Hyponatraemia
Seizures
What occurs in intracerebral haemorrhage?
Bleeding into brain parenchyma
What is the commonest cause of intracerebral haemorrhage?
Hypertension
What kind of microaneurysms are seen in hypertensive intracranial haemorrhage?
Charcot-Bouchard
How does intracranial haemorrhage present?
Headache
Focal neurological deficit
Decreased conscious level
What investigations are used for intracranial haemorrhage?
CT scan
Angiography
How is intracranial haemorrhage treated?
Surgical evacuation of haematoma
What confers a good prognosis for intracranial haemorrhage?
Superficial clot
Good neurological status
What confers a poor prognosis for intracranial haemorrhage?
Large basal ganglia/thalamic clot
Deep coma
What occurs in a intraventricular haemorrhage?
Rupture of a subarachnoid/intracerebral bleed into a ventricle
