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Neuropsych Board Prep > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of stroke?

A

Sudden onset of impairment in neurological functioning due to severe decreased of blood supply to the brain

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2
Q

What is the definition of TIA?

A

Brief episode of neurologic dysfunction (typically < 1 hour) cause by focal brain ischemia but without evidence of infarct on brain imaging

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3
Q

What is a perinatal stroke?

A

Stroke between 20 wks of gestation and first 28 days of life

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4
Q

What is the cause of ischemic stroke?

A

Obstruction of blood flow at the site of occlusion (thrombus) or at a distance (embolus)

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5
Q

What circulation is most frequently affected by ischemic stroke (anterior or posterior)

A

Anterior, 80% of cases

More common in adults and children

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6
Q

Which type of stroke is more common in adults?

A

Ischemic

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7
Q

Which type of stroke is associated with higher mortality?

A

Hemorrhagic

Subarachnoid hem - 50% in first 6 months

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8
Q

What is the most common etiology for deep intracerebral hemorrhages?

A

Hypertension (50%)

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9
Q

What are two most common causes of stroke in young adults?

A

Aneurysms and anteriovenous malformations (AVMs, typically congenital)

ACoA aneurysm -most common cause of subarachnoid hem

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10
Q

Which type of stroke is most common in children?

A

Both are equally common

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11
Q

What are two major forms of infarction in children?

A

Arterial ischemic stroke (MCA most common) and sinovenous thrombosis (more common in neonates)

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12
Q

What is the critical time for neuronal damage in case of ischemia?

A

6-8 minutes of blood flow below critical levels

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13
Q

What is the critical time for recovery from ischemia?

A

6 hours, if blood flow is restored within that time, neurons surrounding ischemic penumbra may recover

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14
Q

What is the time window for TPA treatment?

A

3 hours

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15
Q

What are some consequences of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Intracranial pressure and herniation

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16
Q

Which drug is associated with increased stroke risk?

A

Cocaine

17
Q

What is the most common cause of intracranial hem in children?

A

Trauma

18
Q

What are common risk factors of perinatal stroke?

A

Maternal infertility, preeclapmsia, prolonger membrane rupture, chorioamnionitis

19
Q

Does the incidence of childhood stroke differ in boys and girls?

A

Yes, higher in boys

20
Q

What is current mortality rate for stroke?

A

10% for ischemic and 25-35% for hem stroke

21
Q

Which stroke is more commonly associated with LOC and coma?

A

Hemorrhagic

22
Q

What infarct location is commonly associated with hemiparesis?

A

Superior MCA branch

23
Q

What infarct location(s) are associated with visual field cuts?

A

Inferior MCA branch

PCA

24
Q

What is the most common presentation of arterial ischemic stroke in childhood?

A

Seizures, then hemiparesis, AMS, and focal neurological signs

25
Q

What infarct locations are associated with face and arm weakness?

A

MCA superior division (contralateral)

26
Q

What type of aphasia is associated with left MCA stem infarct?

A

Global aphasia

27
Q

What infarct location is associated with pure motor hemiparesi of the upper motor neuron type?

A

MCA deep territory (contralateral)

28
Q

What infarct location is associated with constructional apraxia, neglect, and spatial difficulties?

A

Right MCA inferior division

29
Q

What infarct location is associated with left weakness and transcortical aphasia?

A

Left ACA

30
Q

What are deficits associated with left PCA stroke?

A

Right homonymous hemianopia

Alexia w/o agraphia with extension to the CC splenium

31
Q

WHat neuroimaging method can detect infarct within minites from symptom onset?

A

Diffusion-weighted MRI

32
Q

Is CT sensitive to acute intracerebral hem?

A

Yes

33
Q

Is CT sensitive to ischemic damage?

A

Not in first 24 hours

34
Q

What time frame is associated with most recovery post-stroke?

A

12 months, negatively accelerating course (greater btw 1-3 months, etc)

35
Q

What is the prevalence of aphasia following LH stroke by hand preference?

A

99% in right-handers, 60-70% in left-handers

36
Q

What is the triad of symptoms associated with ACoA hemorrhage?

A

Impaired episodic memory (Korsakoff-like), confabulation, and personality change

37
Q

What is a vasospasm?

A

Acute narrowing of a cerebral vessel that reduces the blood flow and increases risk for stroke?

38
Q

What is amyloid angiopathy hemorrahe?

A

Intracranial hem due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy or deposition of beta-amyloid in small and mid-sized arteries

39
Q

What is brain herniation?

A

Life-threatening brain displacement from the central cranial vault through the tentorial notch or foramen magnum?

Neuropsych Board Prep (32 decks)

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