Personality Assessment and Self-Report Insturments Flashcards
What percentage of neuropsychologists use objective personality measures?
75%
What is the 12-month prevalence of mental illness in the US?
Adults= 26.2%
Children (8-13 yrs old)= 13%
ADHD is the most common disorder affecting children (8.5%)
What percent of adults receive treatment for mental health problems?
13.4%
What is the economic burden of treatment for mental illness?
300 billion in 2002
What is the most widely researched and used personality inventory in adult clinical samples?
MMPI-2
How was the MMPI initially developed?
- in 1943 (Hathaway and McKinley)
- Using an empirical keying approach rather than a logical keying approach with face validity
Name some main critiques of the initial MMPI?
- Adequacy of standardization sample
- Outdated and sexist language
When was the MMPI-2 developed?
1989 & utilized a large normative sample to be more representative of the US population
Do T-score values share the same meaning across MMPI scales?
No, raw scores are not normally distributed and linear T-score conversion maintains the same skewed distributions
Do T-score values share the same meaning across MMPI-2 scales?
Yes, the MMPI-2 clinical scales utilize uniform T-score conversion to ensure that skewness and kurtosis are similar across scales
T-scores across scales have an equivalent percentile and interpretive meaning
How many items does the MMPI-2 have?
567 true-false items
What age range is the MMPI-2 appropriate with?
18-84
What reading level is required for the MMPI-2?
5th grade
How long does the MMPI-2 take to complete?
60-90 minutes
What are the 9 validity scales of the MMPI-2?
Cannot say, VRIN, TRIN, F, Fb, Fp, L, K, and S
What are the 10 basic clinical scales of the MMPI-2?
Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Mf, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si
At what level do clinicians typically identify T scores on the basic clinical scales as clinically meaningful?
65 or greater
What is the first step in MMPI-2 interpretation
-Inspection of the validity scales
-Omission of 30 or more on Cannot Say scale= do not interpret
-Random or variable responding= VRIN
-Disproportionate true or false = TRIN
-Defensive resonding= L, K, S
-Exaggeration= F, Fp, Fb
Exaggeration of somatic/cog = Symptom Validity Scale and Response Bias Scale
How are the clinical scales of the MMPI-2 typically interpreted?
- Using configurations of scale elevations
- Signifies a “code type”
What is the K scale and when should the K correction be used on the MMPI-2?
- K scale: developed to identify subtle attempts to deny psychopathology
- K correction: meant to counteract defensive responding and provide more accurate understanding
- K correction should be used when employing code type interpretations
What does interpretation of the Content Scales on the MMPI-2 provide?
- Content interpretation allows the examiner to understand what emotions and attitudes have been directly communicated
- Clinical scales considers the way scale items are endorsed regardless of specific content
Why were the RC scales developed on the MMPI-2?
To improve distinctiveness of psychological constructions by removing an overall emotional complaint of distress factor that is common to the basic clinical scales (i.e., Emotional Demoralization; RCd)
What are demographic considerations of the MMPI-2?
- Older individuals show slightly higher elevations on clinical scales relevant to somatic complaints (small differences and don’t warrant age-specific norms)
- Raw score differences occur between men and woman and warrant gender-specific norms
What is the typical finding on the MMPI-2 for those undergoing various medical procedures?
- Higher clinical elevations noted on scales related to somatic complaints and physical discomfort (e.g., Hs, Hy, and RC1)
- Reactive emotional difficulties following diagnosis and treatment for emotional distress (RCd), depression (D, RC2), and anxiety (Pt, RC7)