Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a stroke

A

Acute neurological deficit (‘loss of function’) of sudden onset with no apparent other cause other than vascular origin lasting more than 24 hours

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of a stroke?

A

loss of:

  • vision
  • sensory
  • motor
  • speech
  • coordination

headache

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3
Q

name four causes of a stroke

A
  • change in blood constituents
  • rupture of an artery
  • blockage of an artery
  • disease of an artery
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4
Q

What is Dysarthria

A

muscles around mouth don’t work

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5
Q

What is Dysphasia

A

brain cannot produce speech properly

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6
Q

What is nystagmus

A

continuous uncontrolled movement of the eyes

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7
Q

What is atazia

A

loss of all bodily movement

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8
Q

What are the non modifiable and modifiable risk factors of stroke?

A

non modifiable
- age, race, family history
modifiable
- diet, exercise, smoking cessation, BP control, AF control

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9
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

haemorrhagic

ischaemic

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10
Q

What type of stroke is best seen on an MRI?

A

ischaemic - less blood flow, less dense, more black

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11
Q

What six things can be done during acute treatment?

A
PCI 
aspirin 
hemicraniectomy 
clot retrieval 
refer to stroke unit 
thrombolysis
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12
Q

What are the four subtypes of strokes called?

A

TACS Total anterior circulation stroke
PACS Partial anterior circulation stroke
LACS Lacunar stroke (small arteries)
POCS Posterior circulation stroke

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13
Q

What are the three symptoms that TACS patients have?

A
  1. Patients have weakness, sensory deficit
  2. Homonymous hemianopia = loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes
  3. Higher cerebral dysfunction
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14
Q

How many of these three symptoms do PACS patients normally have?

A

2 symptoms

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15
Q

What investigations would you do for a stroke patient?

A
Carotid doppler (to check blood flow)
Blood tests (lipids, FBC)
ECG (electrocardiography)
CT
MRI
Echocardiogram (check for clots in the heart)
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16
Q

occlusion of which artery causes TACS?

A

middle cerebral artery

17
Q

occlusion of which artery causes PACS?

A

branches of middle cerebral artery

18
Q

occlusion of which artery causes POCS

A

posterior arteries