Stroke

Question 1

Epidemiology of Stroke

Answer 1

M=W, 1/3 of strokes are in those under the age of 65

Stroke was the second most frequent cause of death worldwide in 2011

Question 2

Aetiology

Answer 2

Hypertension
Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, Diabetes, CV disease, obesity, oral contraceptive use, drugs/alcohol/tobacco, obesity, carotid stenosis, vertebrobasilar disease.
Hx of Migraines and TIA increased risk factor.

RISK FACTORS = ABCD2
Age 60
Blood Pressure 
Clinical features - unilateral/speech
Duration of Symptoms
Diabetes Milletus

Question 3

Pathogensis

Answer 3

Thrombus, embolism, hypoperfusion. Resulting infarction.
2 types of stroke - Ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, bleeding
Intracranial hemorrhage and Cerebral hemorrhage

Question 4

Natural History

Answer 4

Persistent changes due to tissue death

Question 5

Clincial Manefestations

Answer 5

SUDDEN visual (monocular, hemianopia, diploplia), vertigo, unilateral weakness or paralysis, slurred speech, confusion, incoordination, sensory disturbances, nystagmus, aphasia

Question 6

Symptoms

Answer 6

SUDDEN visual (monocular, hemianopia, diploplia), vertigo, unilateral weakness or paralysis, slurred speech, confusion, incoordination, sensory disturbances, nystagmus, aphasia

FAST

Face = drooping 1side
Arms = unilateral
Speech =probs
Time - act

Question 7

Signs

Answer 7

Depend on the area of the brain affected. The more extensive the area of brain affected, the more functions that are likely to be lost

Question 8

Complications

Answer 8

impaired ability to care for self, ambulate, and impaired vocational capacity, respiratory and CV difficulties,

Question 9

Prognosis

Answer 9

1/3 die, 1/3 permanently disabled