Stroke Flashcards
globally how many strokes occur annually?
15 million
globally, how many disability adjusted life years were there in 2010?
100 million
in the UK according the BMJ, 2011 how many strokes occured?
110,000
according to BMJ, 2011, how many deaths did strokes account for in england/ wales in 2008?
46,500
how much burden does behavioural factors have (%)?
90%
name the behavioural factors responsible for stroke
smoking, poor diet, low levels of PA
what percentage does metabolic factors have contributing to a stroke?
70%
what are the metabolic factors responsible for causing a stroke?
high systolic bp, high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, high cholesterol, low kidney function
what are the metabolic factors responsible for causing a stroke?
high systolic bp, high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, high cholesterol, low kidney function
what accounts for 30% of the stroke burden?
environmental factors such as air pollution
describe the incidence of strokes
higher in women
decreases year on - better education and PHE messages are working
describe the prevalence of stroke
remains high, more survival and more mini strokes
better treatment available
what are the most common deaths in men and women (CVD related)?
ischaemic HD and stroke
what is ischaemic heart disease?
narrowed heart arteries - less blood and oxygen
what are the mortality rates of a persons first stroke?
15% are fatal within the first 2 months following on average
18.6% in women and 11.3% in men
what is the rule of 1/4s
the cause of major ischaemic strokes 25% - arterial (stuck blood clot) 25% - cardioembolic 25% - small vessel disease 25% - idiopathic
what is the initial assessment of a stroke?
ABC - airway, breathing, circulation
speech/ spatial, vision, hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, coordination, gait
what is hemiparesis?
paralysis down one side
what is hemianasthesia?
lack of sensibility down one side
what medication should be given within 4.5 hrs?
Altepase - thrombolytic medication
what is an ischaemic stroke?
where there is a complete block in the arteries leading to the brain or within the small blood vessels within the deep brain - a blood clot
what happens to the brain, if someone suffers an ischaemic stroke for 10hrs without intervention?
the brain ages by 36 years
what is a haemorrhagic stroke?
bleeding in or around the brain
what is a transient ischaemic stroke?
mini stroke that the blood clot causing the blockage in temporary
how is a TIA temporary?
the blood clot usually dissolves or moves and the symptoms go away afterwards may only last a few mins to 24 hrs
why is important to keep na levels down within the blood?
linked to high bp - adds more work to the heart, damages arteries and organs over time
what is the most modifiable risk for a stroke
high blood pressure
what percentage of strokes are linked to high bp?
54%
why would you give a stroke victim warfarin?
acts as a anti-coagulant
