Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Ageing > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

what is OA?

A

where joints become stiff and painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the most common type of arthritis?

A

OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the symptoms of OA?

A

pain, swelling at the joint, limited mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the aetiology of OA?

A

was regarded as wear and tear more recently regarded as degradation of cartilage and remodelling of of bone at joints due to active response from chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are osteophytes?

A

they are tiny bone spurs - little bone growths forming at joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is synovial fibrosis?

A

disturbance to the balance of degradation and proliferation of cells and results in excessive cartilage within the ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are RF for OA?

A

fam history, age, obesity, female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are the symptoms hard to diagnose?

A

As they are similar and non specific so doctors need to create a differential diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the conservative treatment approaches?

A

exercise, footwear, education, physio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the pharmacological approaches to treatment of OA?

A
  1. analgesics - acetaminophen, opioids
  2. NSAIDs - oral and topical
    hyaluronic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does pharmacological approaches do in OA?

A

mainly treats symptoms only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the benefits of topical NSAIDs?

A

direct local application and avoids GI issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what should NSAIDs be taken with?

A

proton pump inhibitors eg lansoprozole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the surgical interventions in OA?

A
  1. glucocortoid injection directly in joint

2. arthroplasty - total or partial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what occurs during a full arthroplasty?

A

cartilage replaced by artificial endoprosthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does PHE recommended for healthy PA which is preventive for OA?

A
  1. 10,000 steps a day
  2. or 150mins moderate exercise weekly
  3. or 75 mins vigorous exercise weekly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what group is researching in NCL for OA?

A

skeletal research group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the skeletal research group looking at?

A
  1. looking at bio and biochem of cartilage including wnt pathways
  2. genetics, epigenetics, genomics
  3. analysing clinical studies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does wnt signalling pathway relate to OA?

A

wnt/ beta- carenin classical pathway is overactive within OA

20
Q

in 2017, how many are globally affected by OA?

A

303 million

21
Q

how many people suffer with knee OA (2017)?

A

263 million

22
Q

how many people suffer with hip OA (2017)

A

40 million

23
Q

what percentage of the UK pop over 45 are affected by OA?

A

30%

24
Q

how much does OA and RA cost the NHS annually?

A

£10.2 billion

25
Q

how does polypharmacy relate to OA?

A

NSAIDs require PPI, can not prolong use of NSAIDS because it causes kidney, liver, GI issues

26
Q

what is the issue with polypharmacy and hospital admission?

A

1 out of 5 hospital admissions are drug related and preventable

27
Q

how does care homes contribute to the huge number of drug related admissions to hospital?

A

70% of the drug admissions are due to care home medicine errors

28
Q

what is synovitis (2021)?

A

typical chronic aseptic inflammation usually occurs in early stages of OA

29
Q

what inflammatory markers are involved in synovitis? (2021)

A

TNF, Il-1beta, ILI6, IL-I8

30
Q

how is the synovitis seen and measured?

A

using ultrasound - doppler electrical signals can see the inflammation

31
Q

as well as inflammatory markers what else does synovitis produce (2021)?

A

they produce pain via physiological mediators eg bradykinin and angiogenesis

32
Q

what does angiogenesis do in synovitis?

A

increases inflammation and then synovial fibrosis which makes more inflam

33
Q

how often is a partial arthroplasty done? (NHS)

A

every 10 yrs

34
Q

what age group is a partial arthroplasty usually performed on? (NHS)

A

55-64 years

35
Q

how long is recovery for partial arthroplasty? (NHS)

A

6 months use of walking aids and 2 years for scars to fully heal

36
Q

what age group is a full knee arthroplasty usually performed on? (NHS)

A

60-80

37
Q

what is the difference between total and full arthroplasty?

A

both sides of the joint are replaced and takes longer for hospital and home recovery

38
Q

why is hyaluronic acid beneficial in OA treatment?

A

can be administered as injection into joint, it can restore lubrication and induce proliferation of new cell regeneration

39
Q

where does the information relating to arthroplasty originate from? eg how long does partial anthroplasty last

A

NHS

40
Q

What year is the synovitis study from?

A

2021

41
Q

why is the overactivity of beta/ catenin bad in OA?

A

leads to cellular adhesion

42
Q

what does hyaluronic acid do?

A

acts as a cushion/ lubricant in the joints and tissues

43
Q

what does collagenase do?

A

degrades collagen

44
Q

what do ADAMTS degrade?

A

proteoglycans

45
Q

what is the consequence of cartilage and proteoglycans being degraded?

A

destroys articular cartilage at joints, exposes subchondral bone and the remodelling causes osteophytes and the joint space is reduced

Clinical Ageing (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions