Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular block > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke ?

A

Neurological deficit of sudden onset
Lasting more than 24hrs
Of vascular origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does a transient ischaemic attack occur ?

A

<24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the epidemiology of stroke ?

A 
1/4 people worldwide will have a stroke
One stroke every 5 mins in the UK
1/8 pateints die within first 30 days 
3rd biggest killer in Scotland 
50% of survivors ae dependent on others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of stroke ?

A

Blockage with thrombus or clot
Disease of vessel wall
Disturbance of normal properties of blood
Rupture of vessel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What % have a ischaemic stroke ?

A

85-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What % have a haemorrhagic stroke ?

A

10-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most important modifiable risk factor ?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the risk of smoking ?

A

2-fold increased risk of ischamic stroke

3-fold increased risk for sub-arachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for stroke ?

A 
Hypertension
Current smoker
Waist to hip ratio 
Diet
Diabetes
Alcohol
Stress/depression
Cardiac causes
Bleeding disorders 
Family history 
Ratio of ApoB to ApoA
Oral contraceptive with high oestrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of haemorrhage ?

A 
Hypertension
Amyloid
Excess alcohol
Hypocholesterolaemia 
Haemorrhagic transformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pathophysiology of iscahemic stroke ?

A

Ischaemia results from failure of cerebral blood flow to a part of the brain
Ischamia can be transient- TIA
Ischamia results in varying degrees of hypoxia and hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is anoxia ?

A

No oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can anoxia lead to ?

A

Results in infarction- leads to necrosis - completed stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the timing for stroke symptoms ?

A

Come on quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of stroke ?

A 
Motor (clumsy or weak limb)
Sensory (loss of feeling)
Speech- Dysphagia/ dysarthria 
Neglect/ visuospatial problems 
Vision- loss in one eye or hemianopia 
Gaze palsy 
Ataxia/ vertigo/ Incoordination/ nystagmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do most symptoms present with ?

A

Loss of function

17
Q

What are the symptoms of arterial cerebral artery occlusion ?

A

Paralysis of contralateral foot and leg
Sensory loss over contralateral toes, foot and leg
Impairement of gait and stance

18
Q

What are the symptoms of middle cerebral artery occlusion ?

A

Contralateral paralysis of face arm and leg
Contralateral sensory impairement
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Gaze paralysis to opposite side
Aphasia if stroke on the dominant side
Unilateral neglect for half of external space if non-dominant stoke

19
Q

What are the symptoms of lacunar stroke ?

A

Pure motor stroke
Pure sesnory stroke
Dysarthria- clumsy hand syndrome
Ataxic hemiparesis

20
Q

What are posterior circulation symptoms ?

A

Brain stem/ cerebellum/ thalamus/ parts of occipital and temporal lobes are involves
Coma, drop attacks, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, cranial nerve paralysis, ataxia
Hemiparesis, hemisensory loss
Crossed sensori-motor deficits
Visual fields deficits

21
Q

What are the stroke subtypes ?

A

TACS- total anterior circulation stroke
PACS- partial anterior circulation stroke
LACS- lacunar stroke
POCS- posterior circulation stroke

22
Q

What are the associated diseases of stroke ?

A 
Previous TIA or stroke
BP poorly controlled
Angina
MI
Peripheral vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm 
Carotid bruits
Renovascular disease
Cocaine/ alcohol abuse
23
Q

What is the aim of treatment for stroke ?

A

Protect the damaged brain before ischaemia becomes cell death
Get rid of clot
Prevent the clot happening in the first place

24
Q

What are the acute therapies for stroke ?

A 
Restore blood supply 
Prevent extension of ischaemic damage 
Protect vulnerable brain tissue 
Avoid reperfusion injury 
Be non-toxic
25
Q

What is the main treatment for stroke ?

A

Thrombolysis

26
Q

What agent is used in thrombolysis ?

A

Altepase

27
Q

What are other treatment of stroke ?

A

Antiplatelets
Statins
BP management
Anticoagulation- apixaban, rivaroxaban

28
Q

What are the investigations for stroke ?

A 
CT scan:
	- First choice 
	- Advanced imaging will help if avaible
	- CT scan hair lines 
MRI:
	- Safety issues with MRI 
	- Fast-field cycling MRI- low magnetic field 
CT angiogram

Cardiovascular block (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions