Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
What impacts body composition and CVD risk ?
Excess energy intake and diet
What are the prevention strategies for CVD ?
Tackle unhealthy lifestyles
Optimising risk factors
Supressing health risk behaviours would allow to prevent at least 80% of CVDs and even 40% of cancers
What are the pro-atherogenic componenets ?
Cholesterol Saturated FA Trans FA Sodium Alcohol
What are the anti-atherogenic componenets ?
PUFA CHO-rich diet NSP MUFA Antioxidant Phytochemicals
What has a strong relationship to CHD ?
Cholesterol- LDL
What reduces the risk of CHD ?
Lowering plasma levels by diet or drugs
How can hypercholesterolaemia arise ?
Poor lifestyle or genetic
What does HDL do ?
Lowers risk of CHD but only when LDL is low
What causes a raise in blood cholesterol in the diet ?
Saturated FAs
What do saturated FAs act on ?
LDL receptors
Raise LDL cholestrol
What does trans FAs do ?
Raise LDL cholesterol and plasma TAG
Lower HDL cholestrol
What is the impact of salt on the diet ?
Influence thrombosis by its effect on BP
Acute consumption increases risk of stroke
What does N-6 PUFA do ?
High intake lowers LDL and HDL
What is oleic acid ?
Monounsaturated FAs
What does oleic acid do ?
Reduced both total and LDL cholestrol in plasma
What does N-3 PUFA (marine origin) do ?
Reduced effects on TAG plasma levels but minimal effect on LDL
Potent anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties
What does a high level of carbohydrates do ?
Risk CHD by reducing fat intake
50% of total energy intake
What are antioxidants ?
Cellular defence against activated O2 species
Lower risk of CHD
What is good in green tea ?
Catechin content
What can garlic do ?
Decrease platelet aggregation
Increase fibrinolysis
Decrease plasma fibrinogen
Potential effect on BP, cholestrol and CRP
