Overview of the function of the cardiovascular system

Question 1

What side pumps blood through the pulmonary circulation ?

Answer 1

Right side

Question 2

What side pumps blood through the systemic circulation ?

Answer 2

Left side

Question 3

What does the blood flow system of the CVS carry ?

Answer 3

Bulk flow system:

- O2 and CO2 
- nutrients 
- metabolites
- hormones
- heat

Question 4

If the pumps are in series (right and left ventricle) what does this imply ?

Answer 4

Output must be equal

Question 5

Why are most vascular beds in parallel ?

Answer 5

Ensures all tissues get blood,

Allows regional redirection of blood - can send different proportions of blood to match the specific requirements to each different part of the body.

Question 6

Which elastic artery has a wide lumen and elastic wall ?

Answer 6

Aorta

Question 7

what are muscular arteries ?

Answer 7

Other arteries, wide lumen, strong-non elastic wall, low resistnace conduit

Question 8

What are resistance vessels ?

Answer 8

arterioles:

• narrow lumen, thick contractile wall
• control resistance and therfore flow
• allow regional redirection of blood

Question 9

What are exchange vessels ?

Answer 9

capillaries:

- narrow lumen, thin wall

Question 10

What are capacitance vessels ?

Answer 10

Veins and Venules:

• wide lumen, distensible wall
• low resistance conduit

Question 11

Are valves active or passive ?

Answer 11

passive

Question 12

What separates the ventricles ?

Answer 12

Interventricular septum

Question 13

What vein enters the right atrium ?

Answer 13

Vena Cava

Question 14

What is the mitral valve ?

Answer 14

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, which has two tapered cusps

Question 15

Define the tricuspid valve ?

Answer 15

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps—called also right atrioventricular valve

Question 16

Define chordae tendinae ?

Answer 16

The chordae tendinae are tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart

Question 17

Define papillary muscle ?

Answer 17

The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction)

Question 18

What is the ‘plumbing’ of the heart ?

Answer 18

1. Blood enetrs the RA
   
   2. Blood then flows through tricuspid valve into RV
   3. When the heart betas, the ventricles pushes blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery
   4. The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen
   5. Blood then leaves lungs, returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein
   6. Blood enetrs the LA
   7. Blood flows through mitral valve into LV
   8. LV pumps blood through the aortic valve into the aorta
   9. The aorta feeds the rest of the body through the systemic circulation
   10. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from body via SVC and IVC
       The vena cava pumps blood into the RA and the cycle begins again