Stroichiometry Flashcards
What is stoichiometry?
Area of study that examines the quantities of substances consumed and produced in chemical reactions
What is a combination reaction?
Two or more substances react to produce one product
What is a decomposition reaction?
One substance breaks down into two or more substances
What is a combustion reaction?
Reactions that produce a flame - usually with hydrocarbons and oxygen
Define a chemical equation
The SYMBOLIC representation of a chemical reaction - reactants on the left and products on the right.
The coefficients next to the symbols are the absolute stoichiometric numbers
What is the formula weight?
Sum of the atomic weights for the atoms in a chemical formula
Called the molecular weight in a molecule
What is the percentage composition?
The percentage mass of a compound:
% element = (number of atoms)(atomic weight)/(formula weight of the compound) x 100%
What is Avogadro’s number?
The number of atoms in 1 mole of a substance = 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1
Define the word mole
The amount of matter that contains as many atoms/molecules as the number of atoms in exactly 12g of pure carbon
What is the empirical formula?
Simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule
How is the molecular formula calculated from the empirical formula
(True mass)/(empirical mass)
Then multiply the empirical formula with the figure you get
What is the limiting reactant?
The reactant present in the smallest stoichiometric amount - the reactant that runs out first
What is the theoretical yield?
The maximum amount of product that can be made - the amount of product possible as calculated through the stoichiometry problem
What is the actual yield?
The amount one actually produced and measures
