Organic chemistry Flashcards
What is organic chemistry
The study of carbon containing compounds
What are hydrocarbons?
Only contain hydrogen and carbon
Acyclic
A molecule that does not contain a ring
Cyclic
Carbon chain joins itself to form a ring
Polycyclic
Several rings of atoms
Branched chain
A molecule or polymer with a nonlinear backbone
Heteroatom
atom other than carbon or hydrogen
Heterocyclic
a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring
Aromatic
Contain a Benzene ring or have benzene-like properties
What is an isomer?
molecules with the same molecular formula (i.e. the same number of atoms of each element), but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule
Structural isomers
Have different physical properties and different sequence of bonds between the atoms
Stereoisomers
the same atoms connected in the same sequence, but the atoms are positioned differently in space.
Conformational isomers
Staggered and eclipsed - have free rotation - alkanes
Geometrical
Around a rigid double bond with no rotation eg. Alkene
Cis - Z
Trans - E
What is the tetrahedral shape
Sp^3
What are enantiomers
Mirror images of one another and are non-superimposable
L bends plane polarised light to the left and D bends it to the right
Optical isomers that are chiral (bound to 4 different groups)
Hydrogenation
In the presence of NICKEL H is added to alkenes
Hydration
Addition of OH to alkenes in the presence of acid
What is a functional group
An atom/group of atoms that imparts characteristic chemical properties to an organic compound
How are amides formed?
Carboxylic acid with an anime in the presence of DCC
Nylon Formation
You need a bifunctional group
