Acids And Bases

Question 1

Compare Acids and Bases

Answer 1

Acids = sour and increase H+ ie. proton donors 
Bases = bitter and increase OH- ie. proton acceptors

Question 2

Describe water

Answer 2

Water is amphoteric ie, can act as a base or an acid and can react with itself in an acid/base matter when pure —> autoionisation

Question 3

Tell me about conjugates

Answer 3

Strong bases make weak conjugate acids etc etc

Question 4

Name some examples of strong acids

Answer 4

HCl, H2SO4, HNO2, HI, HBr (hydrobromic acid), HClO4 (perchloric acid)

Question 5

Name examples of weak acids

Answer 5

H3PO4, carboxylic acids bc they have an OH group which is a poor acids and HF due to strong H-F bond it does not dissociate well in water

Question 6

What is Kw?

Answer 6

Kw = [OH-][H+] = 1 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees C

Question 7

What are is pH and tell me about it’s links to Kw

Answer 7

pH = -log[H]
pH + pOH = 14

-log Kw = 14

pKa + pKb = 14

Question 8

What is the difference between strong and weak acids

Answer 8

Strong - fully dissipate into ions and weak ones only partially do

Question 9

Tell me about polyprotic acids

Answer 9

Ka is higher for the first H+ donor shop than for the second one

If Ka for the 1st and second dissociation has a 10 to power 3 difference then the pH generally only depends on the 1st dissociation eg carbonic acid

Question 10

What is Ka

Answer 10

Acid dissociation constant

Question 11

Anions are bases

Answer 11

They reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form potentially strong acids

Question 12

Cations will acts as acids

Answer 12

They react to lower the pH