Stress/Coping & Crisis Intervention

Question 1

mental health

Answer 1

successful adaptation to stressors web thoughts, feelings, & behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms

Question 2

mental illness

Answer 2

maladaptive response to stressors web thoughts, feelings, & behaviors that are incongruent with local and cultural norms and interfere with individual’s social, occupational, or physical functioning

Question 3

cultural influences:

Answer 3

incomprehensibility: inability to understand the motivation behind the behaviors
cultural relativity: “normality” or behavior is defined by culture

Question 4

physical response to stress

Answer 4

fight or flight syndrome

Question 5

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 5

Alaram reaction stage: fight or flight initiated
Stage of resistance: physiological responses - to defend and or adapt to stressor (if adaptation, 3rd stage doesn’t occur)
Stage of exhaustion: all energy is depleted from prolonged exposure and body has adjusted to stressor

Question 6

Fight or Flight syndrome

Answer 6

immediate response: stimulates SNS (increased VS, decreased appetite, apprehension)
sustained response: pit. gland releases hormones, immune system is shot (ACTH, HgH, ADH, Thyrotropin - all increase, sex hormones decrease)

Question 7

psychological response

Answer 7

anxiety and grief

adaptation is determined by extend to which thoughts, feelings and behaviors interfere with individual’s functioning

Question 8

Peplau’s 4 levels of anxiety

Answer 8

mild: sharpens senses; prepares for action
moderate: anxiousness and focused on one thing
severe: physical symptoms are evident (sweating, heavy breathing)
panic: unable to focus at all, loss of contact w/ reality

Question 9

Grief (5 stages)

Answer 9

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 10

anticipatory grief

Answer 10

experiencing grief before the loss

shortens grief response

Question 11

resolution

Answer 11

length of process is entirely individual
guilt lengthens grieving process
length is extended when more than one loss occurs or person cannot complete grieving process before another person dies
Occurs when person can look back on the relationship w/ lost entity and accept both good and bad

Question 12

maladaptive grief respones

Answer 12

prolonged: stuck in denial/anger stage (last up to years)
delayed/inhibited: stuck in denial stage (no emotional pain but anxiety disorders present)
distorted: stuck in anger stage (all behaviors associated w/ grief are present but exaggerated)

Question 13

Crisis:

Answer 13

1. occur in everyone at some point
2. precipitated by specific identifiable events
3. personal by nature
4. acute and will be resolved one way or another w/in brief period
5. contain the potential for psychological growth or deterioration

Question 14

phases of crisis:

Answer 14

phase 1: exposure to stressor
phase 2: previous problem-solving techniques do not relieve stressor
phase 3: all resources called upon to resolve problem
phase 4: resolution didn’t occur in previous phases – breaking point and major disorganization occur

Question 15

response to stressful event as a crisis depends on

Answer 15

the individuals perception of the event
the availability of situational supports
the availability of adequate coping mechanisms

Question 16

types of crises

Answer 16

dispositional (situational): car accident, sudden death of family member
anticipated life event: lack of control over situation – moving away for job transfer bc of husband
resulting from traumatic stress: unexpected stressor that person has little to no control over & feels emotionally defeated – rape
maturational: trigger emotions to unresolved conflicts in one’s life – having a baby, getting married, retirement
reflecting psychopathology: requires hospital admission – paranoid, crisis due to underlying illness
psychiatric emergency: overdose – becoming a threat to self or others

Question 17

minimum therapeutic goal

Answer 17

psychological resolution of immediate crisis to at least lowest level of functioning that existed before crisis

Question 18

maximum therapeutic goal

Answer 18

improvement of functioning beyond pre-crisis level

Question 19

Anger v. Agression

Answer 19

anger is a stage of grieving process

agression arises from feeling anger, anxiety, guilt, frustration, etc.

Question 20

agressive behaviors

Answer 20

mild, moderate, severe or extreme

Question 21

agression characterized by

Answer 21

sarcasm, verbal/physical threats, degrading comments, SI or HI, disturbed thought process

Question 22

Risk factors:

Answer 22

prevention is key
individual feels underlying hopelessness
past hx of violence

Question 23

prodromal syndrome

Answer 23

behaviors that are predictive of impending violence – anxiety/tension, verbal abuse & profanity, increasing hyperactivity (mania)

Question 24

dx w/ highest association w/ violent behaviors

Answer 24

schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar, substance use, neurocognitive, & antisocial, borderline and intermittent personality disorders