Stress, Coping and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the positive functions of short term stress?

A

can be perceived as a challenge
arousal, motivates us to solve problems

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2
Q

what is Hans Selye’s view of stress?

A

General Adaptive Syndrome
concentrates more on the biological aspects of the stress response

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3
Q

what are the three phases of general adaptive syndrome?

A
  1. alarm reaction (mobilise resources)
  2. resistance (cope with stressor)
  3. exhaustion (reserves depleted)
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4
Q

what is involved in the primary and secondary levels of appraisal in Lazarus’ theory?

A

primary: identify if the stressor is a threat or challenge
secondary: examine resources vs demand

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5
Q

what does psychoneuroimmunology study?

A

how psychological, neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

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6
Q

when highly stressed, the body has fewer disease-fighting _____

A

lymphocytes

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7
Q

which personality type is more prone to higher stress levels?

A

Type A: competitive, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger prone
pessimists: interpret stressors as uncontrollable and long-lasting

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8
Q

what factors influence the way a person reacts to the diagnosis of chronic illness?

A

social support, coping skills, personality, illness characteristics, impacts on daily functioning

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9
Q

who proposed that stress was a transaction between the individual and their environemnt?

A

Lazarus

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10
Q

threat, challenge and centrality are sub-scales of _____ appraisal

A

primary

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11
Q

which theory states arousal comes before emotion?

A

James-Lange theory
example: we observe our heart racing after a threat and then feel afraid

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12
Q

which theory states arousal and emotion occur simultaneously?

A

Cannon-Bard theory

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13
Q

what does Schacter-Singer two factor theory believe?

A

arousal + label = emotion
to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

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14
Q

which two theorists believed that some responses happen instantly without conscious appraisal?

A

Zajonc and LeDoux

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15
Q

our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience is called…

A

adaptation-level phenomenon

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16
Q

what is relative deprivation?

A

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

17
Q

what is the function of T and B Lymphocytes?

A

T: attacks cancer cells, viruses and foreign substances
B: releases antibodies that fight bacterial infections

18
Q

____ cells identify, pursue and ingest harmful invaders and worn-out cells

A

macrophage

19
Q

what is the function of natural killer cells?

A

attack diseased cells (e.g. those infected by viruses or cancer)

20
Q

what is external locus of control?

A

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

21
Q

what is learned helplessness?

A

the hopelessness and passive resignation a person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events