Personality

Question 1

what does the intrapsychic view of personality focus on?

Answer 1

the mental mechanisms of personality (many of which operate outside conscious awareness)

Question 2

what are the five factors of personality in the five-factor model?

Answer 2

1. extraversion
2. agreeableness
3. conscientiousness
4. emotional stability
5. openness

Question 3

how much influence do genetics have on personality traits (%)?

Answer 3

20-50%

Question 4

what are the three stages of Freud’s structural model of personality?

Answer 4

id: pleasure principle, focused on individual needs
superego: internalisation of cultural rules, values, morals
ego: must balance id and superego & obeys reality principle

Question 5

which theory view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences?

Answer 5

psychodynamic theory

Question 6

which theory attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts?

Answer 6

Freud’s psychoanalysis theory

Question 7

what is free association?

Answer 7

a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind (in psychoanalysis)

Question 8

what are the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 8

oral (0-18 months)
anal (18-36 months)
phallic (3-6 years)
latency (6-puberty)
genital (puberty onwards)

Question 9

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes is called…

Answer 9

thematic appreciation test (TAT)

Question 10

which theory views personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth?

Answer 10

humanistic theory

Question 11

what are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 11

1. physiological needs
2. safety and security
3. love and belonging
4. self-esteem
5. self-actualisation

Question 12

what is self-transcendence in Maslow’s theory?

Answer 12

the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self