Psychological Disorders Flashcards
what are the social-cultural influences on psychological disorders?
roles, expectations, definitions of normality and disorder
how does classical conditioning help us to understand anxiety?
explains how panic-prone people associate anxiety with certain cues
what theory of learning explains how phobias are established?
operant conditioning
in major depressive disorder, a person experiences ____ or more weeks with ____ or more symptoms
two
five
(symptoms: one of which must be either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure)
which chemicals are lower in the depressed brain?
norepinephrine and serotonin
what percentage of heritability of major depression is found in twin studies?
37%
who is more likely to attempt suicide and succeed, men or women?
men
what are the symptoms of schizophrenia?
disturbed perceptions, disorganised thinking and speech, diminished and inappropriate emotions and actions
what is the difference between chronic and acute schizophrenia?
chronic: usually appears by late adolescence or early adulthood - as people age, psychotic episodes last lover and recovery period shortens
acute: can begin at any age - usually in response to an emotionally traumatic event and has extended recovery periods
people with schizophrenia have an excess number of _____ receptors
dopamine
according to Freud, which psychological disorder is ‘free-floating’?
generalised anxiety disorder
what is the function of norepinephrine?
increases arousal and boosts mood (higher during mania)
which diet is shown to lower the risk of depression as well as heart disease and stroke?
Mediterranean diet
