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BMB > Stress, Arousal And Circadian Rhythms > Flashcards

Stress, Arousal And Circadian Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

How can someone’s self esteem effect their stress levels

A

People with low self esteem have high stress levels and vis versa

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2
Q

What is the most stress inducing scenario a person can be in and who founded it

A

Dickerson and Kemeny 2004 - motivated performance + motivation + social evaluation threat

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3
Q

What is the trier social stress test

A

It is when a participant is placed in front of 3 professionals, the participant has to present a topic that the 3 professionals are experts in. The room is full of cameras and microphones, the participant has a period of time to create a presentation on the subject. The professionals must not shoe any emotion at all. The participants then need to present their presentation. The participant must also so an arithmetic test

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4
Q

What is said to be the most stressful part of the trier social stress test

A

The anticipatory period

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5
Q

Where is cortisol typically found

A

The hippocampus & pre-frontal cortex

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6
Q

What does the amygdala do when we’re stressed

A

It hijacks the brain

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7
Q

What is emphasised when the amygdala hijacks the brain during stress

A

You perceive threat more, you have more anxiety, have nightmares

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8
Q

What part of the brain is most effected when someone suffers from chronic and acute stress

A

The hippocampus and frontal cortex

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9
Q

What kind of memories does the hippocampus store and create

A

Episodic memories

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10
Q

How does being stressed effect your ability to create new memories

A

It helps create and save memories for survival reasons

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11
Q

What is flashbulb memory

A

They’re very powerful and strong memories

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12
Q

Does stress make you focus on one thing

A

Yes

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13
Q

When we’re stressed, does it make it harder or easier to recall memories

A

Harder

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14
Q

What are the effects of having blunt cortisol stress reactivity

A

Low cognitive ability, more rapid cognitive decline, poor lung functions

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15
Q

What’s are the effects of having exaggerated cortisol stress reactivity

A

Hypertension, coronary artery calcification (after 3 years)

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16
Q

Is it better to have a small amount of cortisol or a larger amount

A

Neither

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17
Q

What area of the brain structure is most effected by stress

A

The hippocampus

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18
Q

What mental health disorder causes the structure of the hippocampus to change

A

Depression

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19
Q

What is hypothesis

A

The theory that memories are impaired so we are unable to recall them so we don’t cause ourselves stress over it

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20
Q

How are women’s cortisol levels who suffer with depression and anxiety

A

Blunted

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21
Q

How are men’s cortisol levels who suffer with depression and or anxiety

A

Enhanced

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22
Q

What mental health condition in both men and women blunts cortisol levels

A

Schizophrenia

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23
Q

What is the circadian rhythm

A

The biological rhythm

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24
Q

What things dos the circadian rhythm control

A

Sleeping schedule, appetite, body temp, volume of urine, production of hormones, balance of immune system

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25
Q

What is happening in your circadian rhythm in the early morning

A

Deep sleep, body temp trough, melatonin decrease, cortisol increase

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26
Q

When is cortisol at its peak in your circadian rhythm

A

In the morning

27
Q

What is happening in your circadian rhythm in the early after noon

A

High alertness, no melatonin, cortisol levels decreasing

28
Q

What is happening in your circadian rhythm in the evening

A

Peak muscle strength, body temp at peak, melatonin increases, cortisol trough

29
Q

What is the cycle of alertness in the circadian rhythm

A

Increases during the day and then decreases towards the end of the

30
Q

What is the cycle of you’re body temp in the circadian rhythm

A

Increases throughout the day and then decreases at the end of the

31
Q

What is the cycle of melatonin in the circadian rhythm

A

Doesn’t come up till late afternoon

32
Q

What is the cycle of cortisol int eh circadian rhythm

A

It peaks in the morning and decreases throughout the day

33
Q

What stimuli regulates the circadian rhythm

A

Sunlight

34
Q

How does the circadian rhythm explain jet lag

A

Because it relies on the sun, when we go to a different county, our body clock is still set to home time

35
Q

What is zeitgeber

A

It is when you reset you biological rhythm

36
Q

What are some examples of zeitgeber

A

Eating at a different time, noise, temp, being out later than usual

37
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the hypothalamus that help regulate the circadian rhythm

A

The paraventricular nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus

38
Q

What does the paraventricular nucleus do

A

It helps rest the circadian rhythm, notifies the suprachiasmatic nucleus

39
Q

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do

A

It tells the brain what to do in regards to the circadian rhythm, it keeps everything synchronised

40
Q

What pathways does the suprachiasmatic nucleus use to do its job around the brain

A

Neuronal pathways and secreted neuromodulators

41
Q

What is the circadian system model

A

Light —> input (the pathway that restarts the clock) —> oscillator —> output (the pathway that translates the oscillator into behavioural and physiological rhythms)

42
Q

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus places in the brain

A

It is paved between the visual and the neuroendocrine pathways

43
Q

What is the retinochypothalamic pathway

A

It is the pathway that carries epochal cells to detect light and send the info to the suprachiasmatic nucleus

44
Q

What chemical mediates the special photoreceptors in our eyes that detect light for the circadian rhythm

A

Melanospin

45
Q

What is the relationship between the SCN and PN

A

The SCN influences the PN for HPA access

46
Q

What would a health sleep pattern profile look like

A

A steep profile

47
Q

What is the cortisol awakening response

A

It is the rapid increase of cortisol when someone wakes up

48
Q

How long does the cortisol awakening response last

A

30-40 mins

49
Q

How does age effect the cortisol awakening response

A

It decreases with age

50
Q

Is cortisol light sensitive

A

Yes

51
Q

How is the CAR related to seasonal effective disorder

A

It effects it in the winter and not summer

52
Q

What factors impact CAR

A

Light, waking up times, prior day experiences, anticipation of challenge, ovulation, alcohol consumption

53
Q

How is CAR effected by waking times

A

The earlier you wake up, the more CAR

54
Q

How does anticipation of challenge effect CAR

A

It increases it

55
Q

How does prior day experiences effect CAR

A

A good day increases CAR

56
Q

What is the boost theory for CAR

A

CAR is made for survival so we are ready int he morning

57
Q

How does the days of the week effect CAR

A

On the weekdays you have more CAR

58
Q

How is CAR distributed

A

The the SCN

59
Q

What is the process of the CAR being produced

A

Light —> retina —> PV-CRH-anterior pituitary-ACHT—>adrenal cortex—>cortisol secretion

60
Q

Does the circadian rhythm need light to reset

A

Yes

61
Q

When did the CAR predict better executive function during the day

A

45 mins after waking up

62
Q

What informs the peripheral clocks in the circadian rhythm

A

Hormones, neurons, body temp. Etc.

63
Q

What does glucocorticoid rhythm have to do with the circadian rhythm

A

works to synchronise circadian rhythms of peripheral clocks with the SCN master clock

BMB (12 decks)

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