Brains Scans Flashcards
How are neurostimulation tools safe and non-invasive
Because we sue a metal rod that hovers over scalp rather than piercing the skin
How does a TMS or tDCS work
They manipulate the amount of firing neurons in a section of the brain to see the impact it has as they can decrease or increase the excitability
What is the procedure of a TMS and tDCS
A electronic field coil is moved around the head to manipulate electrical current in the brain
What are the problems with single cell recording
It’s invasive, can only be done on animals, not sure if findings would apply to humans
What are the problems with lesion
People are affected differently - hard to identify a brain region, case studies don’t represent all of pop.
What are the contributions of the neuroimaging techniques
It allows us to view the structure and processes of the brain, allows us to study animal brain which is important for the development of biological and psychological sciences that’s one based on animal models
What is the deviation for psychological process
It is the changes in electrical supple and changes in blood supply
What are MRI & EEG’s used for
Neuroimaging/mapping
What kind of relationships does TMS and tDCS measure
Casual relationships
What are sMRI’s
Static MRI’s
What are fMRI’s
Functional MRI’s
How much radiation does an MRI radiate
0
What do MRI’s rely on to collect data from brain scans
Correlation between neural activity and cognitive processes so they can’t infer causal relationships
What is the magnetic field measured in for MRI’s
Tesla
What are the typical intensities of MRI scanners
1.5T, 3T and 7T
What are hemodynamic changes
Blood flow changes
What specifically in blood does an MRI measure
The amount of oxygen carried
Do MRI’s directly or indirectly measure Brain activity
Indirectly, it assumes that firing neurons need more oxygen
Do MRI’s have good spatial or temporal resolution
Spatial
Do sMRI’s or fMRI’s have a better picture resolution
-sMRI’s
How long does it take to do a sMRI’s
8 mins
What do EEG’s measure
Significant voltage fluctuations from neuronal activity
Do EEG’s have better spatial or temporal resolution
Temporal
Are EEG’s based on correlation
Yes
What is neural plasticity
The way the brain changes its structure due to experience
What is neuronal flow
Strengthens or weakens nerve connections, adding new cells, increase in info = potentiation, decrease of info = depression
Can neuroplasticity happen at the synapses
Yes
How does TMS work
Picks up electrical currents using a electrical field
Does the rotation make a difference in TMS
Yes
What is MEPS
The primary motor cortex
Can TMS modulate plasticity
Yes
Can TMS fix depression
Yes
What are the side effects of TMS
Headaches, painful, bad sounds, fatigue, seizures
What does tDCS stand for
Transcranial current stimulation
How is tDCS softer than TMS
It has a weaker threshold
Does cathodal increase or decrease threshold
Increase
What does the hippocampus exert strong regulation over
The HPA axis and cortisol output
What is a larger amygdala associated with
Mental disorders and difficulties in emotional responding
