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Stress, Anxiety and Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 stages of stress adaptation

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

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2
Q

What does the alarm stage deal with

A

fight or flight

catecholamines and cortisol are released

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3
Q

What is required to enter stage two of stress resp

A

coping from stage 1

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4
Q

What happens in stage 2 of stress response

A

continued cortisol release keeping us constantly aroused

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5
Q

What happens in stage 3 of stress resp exhaustion

A

the body’s resources are depleted and our immune system is commpromised

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6
Q

Why does blood glucose incresase during stress

A

bec the pituitary gland releases ACTH which stims the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

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7
Q

What are some complications that chronic stress can increased the risk of acquiring

A 
asthma 
stomach ulcers
skin disorders 
heart disease 
cancer
depression
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8
Q

Stress reductoin techniques

A

relaxation activities
physical activity
social support

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9
Q

How long do symps need to persist for it to be PTSD

A

more than a month

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10
Q

What is acute stress disorder

A

experience from a traumatic event causing PTSD symptoms for at least 3 days but less than 1 month

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11
Q

What should be done with patients who just experienced a traumatic event

A

a debriefing and possibly meds like benzo’s for anxiety in the daytime and sedatives for sleep

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12
Q

What are some treatments for PTSD

A

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Group therapy with others who have had traumatic experiences
Family therapy
medications

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13
Q

What is a med given for intrusive experiences for PTSD

A

SSRI

2nd gen antipsychs

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14
Q

What are intrusive experiences

A

flashbacks
avoidance
numbness

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15
Q

What are some meds given for panic attacks for PTSD

A

antidepressents

MAOI’s

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16
Q

What are some meds given for hyperarousal for PTSD

A

antidepresants
benzo’s
anticonvulsants

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17
Q

What med is given for nightmares for PTSD

A

prazosin

Beta blockers

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18
Q

What is propranolol good for

A

reduces emotional memory of the traumatic exp (nightmares)

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19
Q

What is D-cycloserine good for

A

reduces social anxiety

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20
Q

What is prazosin good for

A

nightmares and insomnia

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21
Q

What is ketamine good for

A

helps with negative memory

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22
Q

What is the diff between stress and anx

A

anx- unkwn cause

stress- internal or external stressor is introduced to the person, knwn cause

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23
Q

What are some symptoms of mild anx

A

agitation
restlessness
increased motivation
attention seeking behavior

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24
Q

What are some symps of moderate anx

A 
agitation 
muscle tension
poor concentration 
voice changes 
shakiness
body function changes like increased urine freq, HA, insomnia
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25
What are some symps of severe anx
``` unresponsiveness focuses on one or few details very poor concentration feelings of dread, purposeless confusion loud or fast speech diaphoresis ```
26
What are some symps of panic anx
``` Sense of doom irrational thoughts chest pain, SOB, dizziness distorted perception unintelligible speech ```
27
What are some types of anx disorders
panic separation phobias generalized
28
What is panic disorder
recurrent panic attacks typically lasting 15-30 minutes that affect the pats self care, social life, or occupation
29
What are some mani's of panic disorder
``` palpitations SOB choking sensation chest pain nausea fear of dying or insanity ```
30
What is required to diagnose panic dis
at least four of the mani's
31
What are social phobias
fear of embarassments or performing infront of others believes others are judging negatively impaired relationships
32
What are agoraphobia
avoids being outside impaired ability to perform duties extreme fear of specific places
33
What is generalized anx disorder
excessive uncontrollable anx for more than 6 months
34
Whats an example of generalized anx dis
newborn mother worrying about everything
35
What are some mani's of gen anx dis
``` restlessness insomnia mus tension avoidance of stressful activities procrastination seeks repeated assurance ```
36
What is obsessive compulsive dis
constant attempts to relieve anx through compulsicve or obsessive actions
37
Are the obsessive actions time consuming
yes
38
Care for all types of anx disorders
use structured interviews assess Assess for substance use disorder Provide safety and comfort Remain with the client during worst anxiety Perform a suicide risk assessment Provide a safe environment for other client and staff Provide milieu therapy enhance self esteem by having client listen to others success
39
Should you do teaching during a crisis for a patient
no
40
What should the milieu therapy include
A structured environment for physical safety and predictability Monitoring for, and protect against self-harm or suicide Daily activities that encourage the client to share and be cooperative Use therapeutic communication skills, such as open-ended questions Client participation in decision making
41
What is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing using for mostly
PTSD
42
What meds are used to treat anx disorders
SSRI's first but use benzo's for symptomatic short term anx nonbarbiturates like buspirone for long term treatment can also use Beta Blockers and antihistamines
43
Discharge teaching of anx
mani's of anx notify when symps get worse dont adjust dosage or stop help client ID coping mechs that work and dont work teach that using the alt methods to reduce anx may help to improve the meds effects and that you might even need less of them
44
What is the patho of PTSD
overactive HPA pathway or amydala | genetic inheritance
45
What meds are given to treat a treatment resistant PTSD pat
2nd gen antipsych's | anticonvulsants
46
When should morphine be used to treat PTSD
only soon after the traumatic event and for a short period of time
47
What neurotramitters are the most involved with anx dis and how are they usu disregulated
5- HT increased or decreased glutamate increased GABA decreased
48
How long do symps of anx dis need to be present to be diagnosed with a disorder
6 mo
49
What is serotonin =s action s
slow mood booster
50
Manis of low serotoninn
depression | anx
51
Manis of hgih serotonin
irritability anx serotonin syn
52
What is norepi's action
moderate mood booster energizer motivator
53
mani's of low norepi
apathy lack of motivation depression
54
Mani's of high norepi
anx | hyperactiveness
55
What is GABA's action s
soother | camler
56
Mani;s of low GABA
anx irritable hyperactive
57
mani;s of high GABA
sedation | confusion
58
What is glutamates action
fast energizer
59
Mani's of low glutamate
apathy | low energy
60
manis of high glutamate
aggressionn | mania
61
What is dopamines action
moderate to high energizer | motivator
62
Mani's of low dopamine
amotivation poor executive function decreased mood
63
Mani's of high dopamone
psychosis | mania
64
Is a difference between eustress and distress
eustress is a stress that is beneficial in some way and has a ending
65
Because most people will eventually experience a traumatic experience, what else is likely needed for someone to end up with PTSD from the event
abnorm HPA overactive amygdala probs with the hypocampus like atrophy so the pat might have memory probs
66
What is an example of memory probs with PTSD pats
they cannot recall the event accurately
67
Symptoms of PTSD
``` recurring negative thought nigthmares flashbacks avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma numbing of responses hyperactivity/vigilance ```
68
Is suicide common with PTSD
yes
69
Risk factors of PTSD
parents have it | TBI's
70
Why are SSRI's used for treating PTSD
bec major depression is common and it also treats the hyperactivity in PTSD
71
What are some examples of anticonvulsants
lamitor | depakote
72
What is affected in OCD
the superego
73
How long do SSRI's take to kick in
6-8 wks
74
What is psychoeducaiton
the symptoms, patho, and causing of an illness

Psych (14 decks)

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