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Psychology > Stress + Anxiety > Flashcards

Stress + Anxiety Flashcards

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1
Q

Define arousal

A

A general physiological and psychological activation varying on a continuum from deep sleep to intense excitement

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2
Q

Describe the drive theory

A

Increase in arousal causes a proportional Increase in performance
Increased arousal increases likelihood of dominant response
Performance worse for poorer learnt or complex skills

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3
Q

What are two setbacks of drive theory

A

Novices/intermediates who resort to dominant response may be doing them incorrectly

Elite athletes still “choke” in highly charged situations

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4
Q

What are the effects of under arousal on performance

A

Underperforming
Lack drive and determination
May not be focused or excited enough to perform

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5
Q

What are the effects of over arousal on performance

A

Stress/anxiety
Psyched out by opposition
Inc. HR, sweating or nausea
Mistakes made and performance declines

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6
Q

Describe the inverted U hypothesis

A

Performance effectiveness increases as arousal increases
Until optimum point reached
Any further arousal leads to decrease in performance

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7
Q

Describe the optimal level of arousal in the inverted U theory

A

The place where arousal is at its peak and performers are “in the zone”

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8
Q

What can negative reactions to arousal cause

A

Anxiety

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9
Q

Define anxiety in general

A

A negative emotional state with feelings of nervousness, apprehension and worry. Associated with activation or arousal of the body

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10
Q

Define anxiety in sport

A

An unpleasant psychological state in reaction to perceived stress concerning the performance of a task under pressure

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11
Q

What are the two types of anxiety (felt both in general and sport)

A

Trait and state

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12
Q

What two types of anxiety do you feel when undergoing state anxiety

A

Cognitive and somatic

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13
Q

What responses occur during cognitive anxiety

A

Lack of self confidence
Disrupted attention
Worry, fear or doubt
Expectation of failure
Impaired ability to concentrate
Concerns about performance

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14
Q

What are responses felt to somatic anxiety

A

Nausea
Increased respiration rate
Blood pressure increase
Muscle tension
Sweating

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15
Q

What are causes of anxiety

A

Pressure
Uncertainty
Self esteem
Fear of harm
Frustration

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16
Q

Define stress

A

An imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions where failure has important consequences

17
Q

Outline what happens during the flight or fight response

A

Increased HR
Inhibits peristalsis
Goose bumps
Dilated pupils
Sweating
Glucose production
Adrenaline release

18
Q

Outline the 4 stage stress process

A

Demand
Individuals perception of demand
Stress response
Behavioural consequence

19
Q

What is the most traditional source of stress and anxiety

A

Parental pressure:
High pressure in high ego environment = increased perception of anxiety
High pressure in high mastery environment = decreased perception of anxiety

20
Q

Outline the IZOF

A

Optimal arousal depends on skill level, characteristics and the task itself
Optimal not always at the midpoint

21
Q

Give examples of what skill types suit low and high IZOF levels

A

Low: fine skills (archery, darts)
High: gross skills (rugby tackle, boxing)

22
Q

What is a criticism of the IZOF model

A

Lacks explanation why levels of anxiety can be beneficial or detrimental to performance

23
Q

Describe the multidimensional anxiety theory

A

Predicts relationships between components of anxiety and performance

24
Q

Outline catastrophe theory under low cognitive anxiety

A

Arousal and performance increase until optimal level reached
Any further arousal leads to decrease performance levels

25
Q

Outline catastrophe theory under high cognitive anxiety

A

Once optimal level surpassed, over arousal causes catastrophic drop in performance

26
Q

How can athletes attempt to recover from a catastrophic decline in performance

A

Completely relax physically
Eliminate worries or cognitively restructure
Reactivate in a controlled manner to regain optimal functioning

27
Q

Describe directional anxiety

A

Interprets symptoms of anxiety

Psychology (8 decks)

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