Stress and Ilness

Question 1

Name the two pathways involved in the physiological mechanisms of stress

Answer 1

the HPA axis (Hypothalamus-Pituitary gland), and the SAM pathway (Sympatho-medullary pathway)

Question 2

Describe the HPA axis mode of action

Answer 2

Hypothalamus stimulates Pituitary gland, who releases the ACTH hormones, who then goes into bloodstream, travels to the ADRENAL CORTEX which releases CORTICOSTEROIDS such as cortisol or corticosterone, whose main function is the mobilization of energy reserves from stores

Question 3

Describe the mechanism of the SAM, OR SYMPATHO MEDDULARY, pathway

Answer 3

The autonomous nervous system (sympathetic branch) pathway activates and travels to the ADRENAL MEDULLA, releases noradrenaline and adrenaline directly into bloodstream and therefore increases blood pressure and heart rate

Question 4

Homeostasis definition

Answer 4

The maintenance of a constant internal environment under normal conditions

Question 5

Name the two main categories of the immune system and their function

Answer 5

NATURAL IMMUNITY: Fast reponse through white blood cells activation and SPECIFIC IMMUNITY : Slow response through learning to cope with infections, antibodies etc..

Question 6

Two studies that linked stress and illness

Answer 6

SAGERSTROM&MILLER 2004: chronic stress supresses natural and specific immunities

KIELCOT-GLASER 1984, 1987 - Stress reduces immune functions in divorced women, students taking exams, alzheimer carers

Question 7

Method to study stress and illness:

Answer 7

The daily hassle scale by delongis 1982 finds the best correlations between daily stressors (driving to work, waking up, taking care of the children…) and stress, anxiety, heart problems