Nervous system 1 Flashcards
Cells making up nervous system are called… and they are specialised in…
Neurons, they are specialised in sending/conducting electrical impulses also called Action potentials or nerve impulses
Elements that form a neuron
Dendrites, Cell Body, axon, axon terminal. The axon is enveloped by a protective layer called Myelin sheath, gaps in btw Myelin sheath are called Nodes of Ranvier
Human brain has how many neurons
approx 90 billions, making around 1000 connections each
Name 7 of the most classic Neurotransmitters
Dopamine - Serotonine - Noradrenaline - Acetylcholine - GABA - Opioids such as endorphins - Glutamate
Dopamine is
Excitatory - linked to motor control - reward pathways - linked to Schizophrenia (too much dopamine) and Parkinson (too low dopamine)
Serotonin is
Anxiety, mood, excitatory
Noradrenaline is
Excitatory, linked to arousal, sleep
Acetylcholine is
Excitatory, linked to Memory, linked to Alzheimer
Glutamate is
Excitatory, broad functions, linked to schizophrenia
GABA is
A general inhibitory
Opioids transmitters are
Excitatory, linked to pain, reward, euphoria
Actions of drugs can be classed in 3 categories, name them
Agonists - antagonists - indirect agonists
def of an AGONIST drug
It mimics actions of Neurotransmitters - ex: Nicotine mimics Acetylcholine , Amphetamines mimic Dopamine
def of INDIRECT AGONIST
It blocks re-uptake of neurotransmitters thus making more neurotransmitters available: ex SSRIS selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors such as Prozac or Zoloft
def of ANTAGONIST
It blocks actions of neurotransmitters - ex the drug CHLORPROMAZINE used for schizophrenia blocks dopamine Neuros (schizo = too much dopamine)
