Nervous system 2

Question 1

Parkinson origin and mechanism:

Answer 1

Found by James Parkinson in 1817 - it was later linked to damage in the pathway from Substantia Nigra to the Striatum, also called the Nigro Striatal pathway (dopamine pathway)

Question 2

A Pathway is defined as

Answer 2

a cluster of cell bodies travelling together thus creating a pathway

Question 3

Schizophrenia origin and mechanism:

Answer 3

In 1950s it was treated w/ antipsychotic drugs such as Chlorpromazine, mode of action unknown. After abt 2 years patient would develop Parkinson-like symptoms. In 1960s it is discovered these antipsychotic drugs are actually DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST, by reducing dopamine in the brain, it provokes Parkinson like symptoms. Today extra drugs are provided to counter act this effect.

Question 4

Which disease is due to low levels of dopamine

Answer 4

Parkinson

Question 5

Which disease is due to overactivity of dopamine Neuros

Answer 5

Schizophrenia

Question 6

Peripheral Nervous sytem def

Answer 6

Connects brain and other parts of the body through Spinal Cord, has two branches, the Somatic NS and the Autonomic Nervous system. ANS is purely efferent motor system (signals coming OUT from spinal cord)

Question 7

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have

Answer 7

31 pairs, with clear evidence of bilateral symmetry, these are mixed btw somatic and ans NS.

Question 8

What can lead to Paralysis of lower limbs

Answer 8

Low spinal damage

Question 9

What can lead to anaesthesia or tetraplegia

Answer 9

Severe spinal damage (tetraplegia means paralysis of all four limbs)