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PCC > Stress and Adaptation (Final) > Flashcards

Stress and Adaptation (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

Stressors

A

a challenge that the person perceives as a challenge, physical, or emotional threat

internal or external
developmental or situational
physiological
psychological

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2
Q

Epinephrine (Alarm/Shock Phase)

A

tachycardia
higher myocardial contractility
bronchial dilation
blood clotting
higher metabolism

fight or flight

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3
Q

Norepinephrine (Alarm/Shock Phase)

A

decreased blood to kidney
higher renin

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4
Q

Cortisone (Alarm/Shock Phase)

A

protein
catabolism
gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

Counter shock Phase

A

resistance…adaptation (recovery) OR stage of exhaustion (*body can no longer compensate, recurs)

failure to adapt leads to increased pain, decreased wound healing

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6
Q

Increased Sympathetic Activity

A

increased heart rate and stroke of volume of heart contraction
increased cardiac output
constriction of vessels in blood reservoirs
increased systolic BP, increased blood circulation, blood redistributed from less to more active organs
dilation of vessels in skeletal muscles
decreased secretion by digestive glands, decreased peristalsis, decreased digestion
rapid marked increase of adrenal medulla secretion, increased epinephrine in blood
increased liver glycogenolysis, increased blood glucose

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7
Q

Cellular Injury

A

hypoxia
nutritional imbalance
temp extremes
radiation and electrical shock
mechanical trauma
chemical and infectious agents

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8
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

vascular response
cellular response
exudate formation
healing

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9
Q

Cardiovascular

A

particular vulnerable
several disorders
MI
strokes
BP

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10
Q

GI

A

disrupt system
irritate large intestine
exacerbate conditions

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11
Q

Immune

A

slower wound healing
increased susceptibility
impair response to immunizations

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12
Q

Endocrine

A

insulin resistance (diabetes)
hinders GH (insulin like growth factor)

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13
Q

Reproductive

A

inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone
directs reproduction and sexual behavior

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14
Q

Cancer

A

no evidence that stress causes cancer, may affect outcomes of patients with certain cancers

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15
Q

Pain

A

may intensify chronic pain, tension HA, migraines

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16
Q

Eating Problems

A

varying effects
calorie rich foods
cortisol promotes abdominal fat
stress cascades causes hunger

17
Q

Sleep Disturbances

A

insomnia

18
Q

Memory, Learning, Concentration

A

distraction, disorganization
working memory decline

19
Q

Failure to Adapt (Somatoform Disorders)

A

hypochondriasis
somatization
pain disorder
malingering

20
Q

Coping Strategies Affected by…

A

cultural background
workplace culture
acculturative stress

21
Q

Stress

A

any disturbance in a persons normal balanced state

22
Q

Internal Stressors

A

physical diseases, anxiety, anticipation

23
Q

External stressors

A

DEATH!!!

natural disaster, heat

24
Q

Alarm Phase

A

stressor causing stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

25
Q

Resistance Stage

A

coping with stressors; either they cope or symptoms get worse (parasympathetic)

26
Q

Physiological Responses

A

dilated pupils
dry mouth
elevated BP, HR, RR, blood glucose (elevated glucose r/t stress impacts wound healing!)
nausea
bowel changes
chest pain
sleep pattern changes (insomnia)

27
Q

Emotional Responses

A

anxiety
anger
lethargy

28
Q

Behavioral Responses

A

crying
poor job performance
substance abuse

29
Q

Ways to decrease patient anxiety and stress

A
  1. establish trusting relationship
  2. tell pt what to expect (fear potentiates pain and may make it worse, causing stress)
  3. teach deep breathing
  4. PCC
  5. involve pts and their families in care
30
Q

Failure to adapt to stress

A
  1. elevation of hormones (cortisol, ADH, aldosterone)
  2. create additional stress on body
  3. diseases (HTN, diabetes, infection/inflammation, IBS, tension HAs)
  4. BURNOUT IN NURSES

PCC (14 decks)

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