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clincial pathophysiology > stress and adaptation > Flashcards

stress and adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

what is eustress

A

constructive stress that encourages production (productivity)

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2
Q

what is the stress response

A

generalized or systemic response to an internal or external change in the body

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3
Q

what are the three stages of GAS

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

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4
Q

what are the general adaptation syndrome triggers

A

daily stress
positive stress
sudden change
trauma

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5
Q

what happens in the alarm stage

A

perceive the stress - goes into shock and counter shock

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6
Q

what gets activated during the alarm stage

A

hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal glands (HPA axis)
sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

what systems mobilize body for stress response

A

sympathomedullary pathway
pituitary-adrenal system

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8
Q

what happens in the resistance stage

A

elevation of hormone levels
body systems operate at peak efficiency
shows behaviors

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9
Q

what happens in the exhaustion stage

A

sleep and rest can help repair
essentially you get resolution or death

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10
Q

what are the significant effects of stress response

A

elevated blood pressure
increased heart rate
bronchodilation and increased ventilation
increased blood glucose levels
arousal of the CNS
decreased inflammatory and immune response

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11
Q

what factors affect the ability to adapt

A

physiologic and anatomical reserve
time
genetics
age
sex
health status
nutrition
circadian rhythm
hardiness
psychosocial factor

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12
Q

what impact does stress have on the nervous system

A

epinephrine and cortisol
increased anxiety
digestive disorders
diabetes
insomnia
forgetfulness
development of degenerative neurological disorders (like parkinson’s)

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13
Q

what impact does stress have on the cardiovascular system

A

heart rate increases which causes systemic vasodilation which increases blood flow to muscles and decreases GI and renal
hypertension
inflammation of the coronary arteries
palpitations
cardiovascular disease
renal failure

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14
Q

what impact does stress have on the endocrine system

A

release of epinephrine and cortisol
prolonged, chronic stress causes build-up of those hormones ^^
glucose released for extra energy (diabetes)
cortisol leads to chronic inflammation, prone to infection, poor healing

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15
Q

what impact does stress have on the gastrointestinal system

A

over/undereating
heart burn, acid reflux, GI distress
malnourishment
nausea, vomiting
constipation or diarrhea
malabsorption
stomach ulcers
GERD, IBS, or ulcerative colitis

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16
Q

what impact does stress have on the immune system

A

infection - depression of the inflammatory and immune responses
slowed healing following trauma or surgery
increased secretion of glucocorticoid
increased catecholamine levels

17
Q

what does increased secretion of glucocorticoids cause

A

reduction in protein synthesis and tissue regeneration

18
Q

what does increased catecholamine levels cause

A

vasoconstriction, reduced nutrients and oxygen to the tissue

19
Q

what impact does stress have on the muscoskeletal system

A

muscles throughout the body tense up
acute tension headaches
blurred vision
muscle cramping
stiffness
impaired muscoskeletal flexibility and mobility
chronic migraines

20
Q

what impact does stress have on the respiratory system

A

respiratory rate increases, sometimes leading to hyperventilation
dizziness
SOB
panic attacks
syncopal episodes

21
Q

what impact does stress have on the reproductive system

A

sex drive and performance can be greatly affected
decreased sperm production
impotence and sterility
absent, irregular or painful menstruation
decreased sexual desire

22
Q

what are the negative effects of stress on the body

A

depression
anxiety
heart attacks
stroke
hypertension
diabetes
immune disturbances
viral disorders
autoimmune diseases

23
Q

what negative effects of stress happen on the skin

A

rashes
gives
atopic dermatitis
plaque psoriasis

24
Q

true or false: PTSD causes a low risk of developing dependence on drugs and/or alcohol

A

false

25
Q

what is biofeedback

A

technique you can use to learn to control some of your body’s functions, such as your heart rate
during biofeedback, you’re connected to electrical sensors that help you receive information about your body

clincial pathophysiology (7 decks)

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