stress and adaptation Flashcards
what is eustress
constructive stress that encourages production (productivity)
what is the stress response
generalized or systemic response to an internal or external change in the body
what are the three stages of GAS
alarm
resistance
exhaustion
what are the general adaptation syndrome triggers
daily stress
positive stress
sudden change
trauma
what happens in the alarm stage
perceive the stress - goes into shock and counter shock
what gets activated during the alarm stage
hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal glands (HPA axis)
sympathetic nervous system
what systems mobilize body for stress response
sympathomedullary pathway
pituitary-adrenal system
what happens in the resistance stage
elevation of hormone levels
body systems operate at peak efficiency
shows behaviors
what happens in the exhaustion stage
sleep and rest can help repair
essentially you get resolution or death
what are the significant effects of stress response
elevated blood pressure
increased heart rate
bronchodilation and increased ventilation
increased blood glucose levels
arousal of the CNS
decreased inflammatory and immune response
what factors affect the ability to adapt
physiologic and anatomical reserve
time
genetics
age
sex
health status
nutrition
circadian rhythm
hardiness
psychosocial factor
what impact does stress have on the nervous system
epinephrine and cortisol
increased anxiety
digestive disorders
diabetes
insomnia
forgetfulness
development of degenerative neurological disorders (like parkinson’s)
what impact does stress have on the cardiovascular system
heart rate increases which causes systemic vasodilation which increases blood flow to muscles and decreases GI and renal
hypertension
inflammation of the coronary arteries
palpitations
cardiovascular disease
renal failure
what impact does stress have on the endocrine system
release of epinephrine and cortisol
prolonged, chronic stress causes build-up of those hormones ^^
glucose released for extra energy (diabetes)
cortisol leads to chronic inflammation, prone to infection, poor healing
what impact does stress have on the gastrointestinal system
over/undereating
heart burn, acid reflux, GI distress
malnourishment
nausea, vomiting
constipation or diarrhea
malabsorption
stomach ulcers
GERD, IBS, or ulcerative colitis
what impact does stress have on the immune system
infection - depression of the inflammatory and immune responses
slowed healing following trauma or surgery
increased secretion of glucocorticoid
increased catecholamine levels
what does increased secretion of glucocorticoids cause
reduction in protein synthesis and tissue regeneration
what does increased catecholamine levels cause
vasoconstriction, reduced nutrients and oxygen to the tissue
what impact does stress have on the muscoskeletal system
muscles throughout the body tense up
acute tension headaches
blurred vision
muscle cramping
stiffness
impaired muscoskeletal flexibility and mobility
chronic migraines
what impact does stress have on the respiratory system
respiratory rate increases, sometimes leading to hyperventilation
dizziness
SOB
panic attacks
syncopal episodes
what impact does stress have on the reproductive system
sex drive and performance can be greatly affected
decreased sperm production
impotence and sterility
absent, irregular or painful menstruation
decreased sexual desire
what are the negative effects of stress on the body
depression
anxiety
heart attacks
stroke
hypertension
diabetes
immune disturbances
viral disorders
autoimmune diseases
what negative effects of stress happen on the skin
rashes
gives
atopic dermatitis
plaque psoriasis
true or false: PTSD causes a low risk of developing dependence on drugs and/or alcohol
false
what is biofeedback
technique you can use to learn to control some of your body’s functions, such as your heart rate
during biofeedback, you’re connected to electrical sensors that help you receive information about your body
