Stress Adaptation Chp 12 (EXAM1) Flashcards
Any disturbance in person’s normal balanced state
Stress
A stimulus that the person perceives as a challenge or threat; it disturbs the person’s equilibrium by initiating a physical or emotional response
Stressor
Restores balance and homeostasis by producing voluntary and involuntary reactions when a stress occurs
Coping response
Distress/distress
Distress threatens health
Eustress is protective
External/internal stress
External: death of a family member, hurricane, excessive heat
Internal: anxiety, nervous anticipation of an event, negative self talk
Development/situational stress
Developmental: are those that can be predicted to occur at various stages of life
Situational: unpredictable (getting into a car accident)
Physiological/Psychosocial stressors
Physiological- those that affect body structure or function
Psychosocial- external stressors that arise from work, family dynamics, living situations, social relationships
Thinking process and behavior a person uses to manage stressors
Coping strategies
Making health choices that reduce the negatives effect of stress
Exercising to relieve tension, hobbies
Making healthy choices that reduce the negative effects of stress
Adaptive (effective) coping
- exercising, or live tension, hobbies
Making unhealthy choices when a stress occurs
Maladaptive (Ineffective) coping
-overeating, working too much, excessive sleeping, substance abuse
Approaches to coping with stress
- altering the stressor- (divvying up info for tests or making change to make it less)
- adapting to the stressor- changing ones thoughts or behaviors related to the stressor
- avoiding the stressor- minimize or end any relationship as long as its become maladaptive
The outcome of how stress affects you depends on:
- balance between the strength of the stressors
- and the effectiveness of the persons coping methods
E=
R=
O=
Event (the stressor)
Response
Outcome
Adaptation occurs when a person has ___ and ___
Supports and
Coping abilities adequate to enable him to deal with the stressors
A ___ perception of the stressful event promotes adaptation, whereas an ____ perception makes adaptation more difficult
Realistic
Unrealistic
Those who thrive despite overwhelming stressors
Hardiness
Personal experiences that influence adaptation
- Perception of a stressor
- Overall health status
- Support system- do they have one?
- Hardiness
- Age, developmental levels, life experiences, + attitude
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
How ppl respond to stressors
- involves the autonomic & Endocrine system
1. ) Alarm (fight or flight)
2. ) Resistance (adaptation- lead to recovery)
3. ) Recovery or Exhaustion
Alarm-Sympathetic Nervous System (SOS)
- cerebral cortex sends msgs to the hypothalamus to stimulate the SNS
- SNS then stimulates adrenal glands to decrease adrenaline and norepinephrine to ^ mental alertness giving way to the Fight or Flight response
During stressors, you may see your patient on Pepcid, why?
Stress affects the gut. Ulcer development is created by cortisol and aldosterone release from ACTH stimulation
Hypothalamus releases cortisol-tropic releasing hormone (CRH) which does what?
Directs the pituitary gland to release ACTH and ADH from the kidneys
What stage is this: adaptation the body tries to cope, protect itself against the stressor and tries to maintain homeostasis
Resistance stage
- uses psychological and physiological coping mechanisms helping the HR , BP, cardiac output respiratory functions
What stage is this: Final effort to adapt if stress continues, or adaptation becomes ineffective and the person enters the final stage of exhaustion
Exhaustion or Recovery Stage
-physiological response includes: vasodilation, decreased BP, ^ Pulse and respirations
