Stress Adaptation Chp 12 (EXAM1)

Question 1

Any disturbance in person’s normal balanced state

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

A stimulus that the person perceives as a challenge or threat; it disturbs the person’s equilibrium by initiating a physical or emotional response

Answer 2

Stressor

Question 3

Restores balance and homeostasis by producing voluntary and involuntary reactions when a stress occurs

Answer 3

Coping response

Question 4

Distress/distress

Answer 4

Distress threatens health

Eustress is protective

Question 5

External/internal stress

Answer 5

External: death of a family member, hurricane, excessive heat

Internal: anxiety, nervous anticipation of an event, negative self talk

Question 6

Development/situational stress

Answer 6

Developmental: are those that can be predicted to occur at various stages of life

Situational: unpredictable (getting into a car accident)

Question 7

Physiological/Psychosocial stressors

Answer 7

Physiological- those that affect body structure or function

Psychosocial- external stressors that arise from work, family dynamics, living situations, social relationships

Question 8

Thinking process and behavior a person uses to manage stressors

Answer 8

Coping strategies

Question 9

Making health choices that reduce the negatives effect of stress

Answer 9

Exercising to relieve tension, hobbies

Question 10

Making healthy choices that reduce the negative effects of stress

Answer 10

Adaptive (effective) coping

- exercising, or live tension, hobbies

Question 11

Making unhealthy choices when a stress occurs

Answer 11

Maladaptive (Ineffective) coping

-overeating, working too much, excessive sleeping, substance abuse

Question 12

Approaches to coping with stress

Answer 12

• altering the stressor- (divvying up info for tests or making change to make it less)
• adapting to the stressor- changing ones thoughts or behaviors related to the stressor
• avoiding the stressor- minimize or end any relationship as long as its become maladaptive

Question 13

The outcome of how stress affects you depends on:

Answer 13

• balance between the strength of the stressors

- and the effectiveness of the persons coping methods

Question 14

E=
R=
O=

Answer 14

Event (the stressor)
Response
Outcome

Question 15

Adaptation occurs when a person has ___ and ___

Answer 15

Supports and

Coping abilities adequate to enable him to deal with the stressors

Question 16

A ___ perception of the stressful event promotes adaptation, whereas an ____ perception makes adaptation more difficult

Answer 16

Realistic

Unrealistic

Question 17

Those who thrive despite overwhelming stressors

Answer 17

Hardiness

Question 18

Personal experiences that influence adaptation

Answer 18

1. Perception of a stressor
2. Overall health status
3. Support system- do they have one?
4. Hardiness
5. Age, developmental levels, life experiences, + attitude

Question 19

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 19

How ppl respond to stressors

• involves the autonomic & Endocrine system
  1. ) Alarm (fight or flight)
  2. ) Resistance (adaptation- lead to recovery)
  3. ) Recovery or Exhaustion

Question 20

Alarm-Sympathetic Nervous System (SOS)

Answer 20

• cerebral cortex sends msgs to the hypothalamus to stimulate the SNS
• SNS then stimulates adrenal glands to decrease adrenaline and norepinephrine to ^ mental alertness giving way to the Fight or Flight response

Question 21

During stressors, you may see your patient on Pepcid, why?

Answer 21

Stress affects the gut. Ulcer development is created by cortisol and aldosterone release from ACTH stimulation

Question 22

Hypothalamus releases cortisol-tropic releasing hormone (CRH) which does what?

Answer 22

Directs the pituitary gland to release ACTH and ADH from the kidneys

Question 23

What stage is this: adaptation the body tries to cope, protect itself against the stressor and tries to maintain homeostasis

Answer 23

Resistance stage

- uses psychological and physiological coping mechanisms helping the HR , BP, cardiac output respiratory functions

Question 24

What stage is this: Final effort to adapt if stress continues, or adaptation becomes ineffective and the person enters the final stage of exhaustion

Answer 24

Exhaustion or Recovery Stage

-physiological response includes: vasodilation, decreased BP, ^ Pulse and respirations

Question 25

A type of response to stress: emotional and cognitive response that includes feelings, thoughts and behaviors.

Answer 25

Psychological response

• anxiety
• fear
• anger
• depression

Question 26

Conditions characterized by the presence of physical symptoms with no known organic cause

Answer 26

Somatoform disorders

Question 27

Somatoform disorders are believed to result from:

Answer 27

Unconscious denial, repression, and displacement of anxiety

Question 28

Examples of somatoform disorders:

Answer 28

• Hypochondriasis- anxiety about health triggers illness
• somatization- entirety and stress expressed in physical symptoms
• pain disorder- Firbomyalgia
• Malingering- conscious effort to escape unpleasant situations

Question 29

Can eventually result in crisis and burnout. More severe response include psychiatric illnesses such as anxiety disorders, clinical depression and PTSD

Answer 29

Prolonged or chronic stress

Question 30

When an event drastically changes routine and they perceive it as a threat to self and the persons usual coping methods are ineffective

Answer 30

• pre crisis
• impact
• crisis
• adaptive
• post crisis