Stress Flashcards
What is the procedure of Johansson’s study?
It was a quasi experiment using independent measures design. Participants in the high demand group worked at set pace, had complex work and required a great deal of knowledge. They worked in social isolation and were responsible for wages. Other participants had low risk of stress and were maintenance workers.
They were asked to give a daily urine sample, an were asked to complete a self report four times a day.
What is the aim of Johansson’s study?
To investigate whether was stressors increase stress related physiological arousal and stress relates illness.
Who were the participants of Johnasson’s study?
24 Swedish saw mill workers. 14 is high risk and 10 in low risk stress groups
What were the result of Johansson’s study?
The high risk group secreted more stress hormones on work day than rest days and were more likely to take days off.
What was the aim of Kanner’s study?
To compare the Hassels and Uplofts scale and the Berkman life events scal as predictors of psychological symptoms of stress.
What was the methodology of Kanner’s study?
A repeated measures design in that each participant in that each participant completed both scales. They then assessed their psychological symptoms of stress using the HSCL and the BMS.
Who were the participants of Kanner’s study?
100 people who had previously competed a health survey in 1965. They were from California, mostly white protestant.
What was the procedure of
Kanner’s study?
All test were sent out by post. They were asked to complete the hassles for 9 months, life events after 10 months and HSCH and BMS every month for 9 months.
What were the findjngs of Kanner’s study?
Hassels correlated more positively with stress symptoms than life events.
What was the conclusion of Kanner’s study?
Hassles are more of a cause of stress because they occur more regularly than life events.
What was the aim of Geer and Maise’ls study?
To see if pereived control or actual control can reduce stress reactions.
What was the methodology of Geer and Maisel’s study?
Lab experiment where participant were shown photographs of dead car crash victims, measuring stress using a GSR and ECG monitoring. Participants were split into 3 groups.
Who were the participants in Geer and Maisel’s study?
60 students
Group 1- given control over how long the viewed images for and were told a tone would precede each new image.
Group 2- were warned the photos would be 60 seconds apart and each photo would show for 35 seconds
Group 3- were told that from time to time they would see photos and hear tones but were not given timings or control
What was the procedure for geer and Maisel’s study?
Each participant was seated im a sound proof room and wired to a GSR and ECG machines. Instructions were read over intercom.
What were the results of Geer and Maisel’s study?
ECG recording were discarded as they were inaccurate. Group 1 were least stressed, Group 3 were most stressed.
Explain Holmes and Rahe’s study
They looked at medical records to come up with a list of 43 life events. They then asked 394 participants to rate each life event. Values were attached to each life events called life change units.
What were the results of Holmes and Rahe’s study?
Males and females agrees, as did those of difference ages religions and educational level but there was less correlation between black and white participants.
What was the aim of Meichenbaum’s study?
To compare SIT with standard behavioural desensitisation and a control group on a waiting list
What was the methodology of Meichenbaum’s study?
A field experiment where students were assessed before and after treatment using self report
Who were the participants of Meichenbaum’s study?
21 students ages 17-25 who responded to an advert for treatment to test anxiety.
What was the procedure of Meichenbaum’s study?
Students were randomly allocated to one of three groups.
SIT- received 8 sessions.
Systematic desensitisation- received 8 sessions. Encouraged to practice at home.
Control group- waiting list
What were the findings of Meichenbaum’s study?
SIT group showered more reported improvement in anxiety levels although both groups showed overall improvement.
What is the conclusion of Meichenbaum’s study?
SIT is more effective than systematic desensitisation as it changes irrational thoughts to positive ones.
What was the aim of Budzynski’s study?
To review previous research on the affects of biofeedback and placebo on the reduction of tension headaches.
What was the methodology of Budzynski’s study?
Experimental method in a lab which electrodes placed on the patients muscles monitored by EMG feedback machine.
Psychometric tests were used
Who were the participants in Budzynski’s study?
18 self selected Americans who responded to a Colerado newspaper article. Two males mean age of 36.
What were the three groups of participants in Budzynski’s study?
Group A- biofeedback with relaxation training
Group B- relaxation training with pseudo feedback
Group C- control group
What was the conclusion of Budzynski’s study?
Biofeedback is more effective in managing tension headaches.
What was the aim of Waxler- Morrison’s study?
To look at how a woman’s social relationships influence her response to cancer and survival.
Who are the participants in Waxler and Morrison’s study?
133 women from Vancouve
What was the methodology of Waxler an Morrison’s study?
A quasi experiment using questionnaires and 18 interviews. Examination of medical records
What was the procedure of Waxler and Morrison’s study?
Questionnaires gathered information on their demography, existing social networks, who they were responsible for.
A psychometric test combined marital status with contract with friends, family and church membership.
What were the findings of Waxler and Morrison’s study?
Marital status, friendship and employment were significantly linked with survival.
What was the conclusion of Waxler and Morrison’s study?
The more social networks and support the higher the survival rate of women with breast cancer.
