Disorders Flashcards
What are characteristics of affective disorders?
Depression- divided into subsections- major, minor and recurrent.
They must have 5 or more symptoms during the same 2 week period.
At least one symptom is depressed mood or loss of interest in pleasure.
Other symptoms are weight loss, fatigue, inappropriate guilt
What are characteristics of anxiety disorder?
Include OCD, phobias, PTSD 1-6 adults suffer from anxiety disorders Under 18 last about 6 months Less elderly people suffer Phobias- the individual may experience shortness of breath, may feel intense terror and begin to lose control. DSM- excessive or unreasonable fear Phobic situation is avoided Phobia disrupts normal life
What are characteristics of psychotic disorders?
Psychosis is the general term for loss of contact with reality. Tend to be characterised by delusions and disorganised speech or behaviour.
Schizophrenia- positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations. Negative symptoms: losing emotional responses, lack of motivation.
Usually young adulthood. Late teens to mid thirties. Affects men and women equally.
What is the aim of Ohman’s study?
To see if phobias of snakes could be more easily conditioned than phobias of faces or houses.
What was the procedure of Ohman’s study?
Lab experiment. Electric shocks were given after presentations of snakes, houses, faces. Participants were wired up to a machine to measure skin conductance. The shock was rated uncomfortable but not painful. The order of pictures was randomised and presented for 8 seconds each
Who were the participants of Ohman’s study?
64 Swedish volunteer students
What were the results of Ohman’s study?
All participants had a similar measure of skin conductance prior to the stimulus.
They showed a higher level afterwards. The control group (only shocked after houses or faces) only showed slight increase.
What was the aim of DiNardo’s study?
To compare the prevalence of conditioning events involving dogs in groups of dog-fearful and non- fearful participants.
What was the procedure of DiNardo’s study?
Participants were classified into fearful and non-fearful groups using self report. Interviews were conducted with all participants to obtain information about encounters with dogs and expectation of fear and harm
What were the results of DiNardo’s study?
Only half of people who had traumatic experiences with dogs developed a phobia even when pain was inflicted. All fearful participants expected harm.
What is the aim of Leibowitz’s study?
To see if drug phenelzine can help treat patients with social phobia.
What is the methodology of Leibowitz’s study?
a controlled experiment where participants were allocated to one of four conditions treated over 3 weeks
Who were the participants in Leivowitz’s study?
80 participants aged 18-50
What was the procedure of Leibowitz’s study?
Patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups. One was treated with phenelzine, another atenol and control groups were given matching placebos. Patients were assessed at the beginning and given the placebo or drug.
What were the findings of Leibowitz’s study?
After 8 weeks of significant differences were noted for the phenezine groups with better scores than placebo.
There was no difference between atenol and placebo groups.
