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Psychology Resit > stress 2 > Flashcards

stress 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are daily hassles?

A

stressors of everyday life as opposed to major life events

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2
Q

what are examples of daily hassles?

A

sixthform, getting up, makeup, tidying rooms etc.

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3
Q

what is a Life change?

A

a major life event eg death of a partner

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4
Q

what is the social readjustment scale? SRRS

A

a scale which assesses the impact of different life changing events. each stressful event has a life change unit (LCU) the higher the LCU, the more readjustment needed, hence the more stress it causes

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5
Q

what is the study into Life changes and illness by Rahe?

A

AIM to find a link between LCU’s and illness
2500 healthy male US navy personell filled in SRRS for the past 6 months
followed up for 7 months prior
recorded ant stress related illness & rated it on severity producing an overall illness score
Found a positive correlation (0.118) between LCU and illness scores (small but statistically significant)
so there is a correlation but other factors must be included.

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6
Q

Evaluation of Rahe (life changes and illness)

A

Retrospective data-relying on memory, not accurate, not true reflection, reducing the reliability of data

only correlational, cant establish cause and effect, reducing the validity

individual differences, cant generalise, dont have same feelings so cannot say they are a true reflection of illness and this could affect results

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7
Q

What is the study into workplace stress and illness? (marmot)

A

AIM investigate the effect of high control and low control of stress and illness
7327 civil servants, asked about sense of control, support, grade, etc.
had a health check of heart problems-reassessed 5 years later
FOUND no link with high workload and stress related illness (job demand=not significant factor)
LOW levels of job CONTROL were twice as likely to develop heart disease, NOT HIGH LEVELS
So, the level of control that a person has, the more likely they are to be affected by Coronary heart disease
workload/the degree of social support recieved were NOT associated

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8
Q

Evaluate workplace stress and illness study. (marmot)

A

Self report-questionnaires and interviews, unreliable as can lie and fear that any negative comments about work would be traced back to them

correlational-relationship, cannot establish cause and effect so could be other factors like, smoking or family history-therefore lacks validity

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9
Q

what are daily hassles?

A

everyday life stressors eg exam prep

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10
Q

what did Lazarus think uplifts were?

A

they were able to counteract the negative effects of daily hassles.
uplifts are everyday positive life events for example, if you tried hard on a piece of work and someone praises you for it

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11
Q

Research into daily hassles, stress and illness by Delongis

A

participants aged 45+ given a questionnaire, one on major life changes and a general health questionnaire
then assessed the uplifts of participants
FOUND a STRONG positive correlation between daily hassles and general health problems-the more daily hassles, the more health problems
NO correlation between life changes/uplifts on general health-uplifts=no effect, daily hassles=effect

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12
Q

Evaluation of daily hassles and stress related illness

A

delongis researched into daily hasssles and found similar to lazarus-strong correlation between daily hassles and stress related illness BUT didnt find uplifts had an effect

purely correlational

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13
Q

which factors contribute to workplace stress?

A

WORKLOAD (demand) too much=stress & too little=stress

JOB CONTROL (responsibility) HIGH control=LESS stress & LOW control=HIGH stress as they can pass down their workload

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14
Q

what type of job will make you more stressed?

A

High demanding job with low control

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15
Q

what type of job will make you have less stress?

A

high control in your job and low demand

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16
Q

what did Friedman and Rosenman find about personality factors and stress?

A

people who suffered from CHD had a particular pattern of behaviour

17
Q

what is Type A behaviour?

A

Time Pressured-work to deadlines, unhappy doing nothing, multitasking

Competitive-play to win, wants to achieve something

Hostility-easily irritated, impatient, easily angered

18
Q

how to type A personalities suffer the negative effects of stress?

A

their hearts are more sensitive to activity in the sympathetic nervous system
when they are stressed, their bodies are unable to cope with the physical changes and therefore stress related illnesses are more likely

19
Q

What did Rosenman study into Type A behaviour and heart attacks?

A

AIM assess relationship between type a and stress related illnesses
3454 middle aged men in west coast of USA took part in a structured interview where type a behaviours were measured eg rapidly tapping fingers on table, restlessness, pace of talking
assessed for 8.5years
FOUND 69% of those with type a experienced heart attacks
he controlled certain lifestyle factors ie smoking and obesity to produce richer results to establish cause and effect
high type a=vulnerable to CHD and having a second heart attack

20
Q

Evaluation of Rosenman

A

sample is culture and gender bias, made up with middle aged men from west coast of america, therefore cannot generalise results as isnt a true representation

correlational

not ethically sound, could cause harm to ppts as they would be anxious and stressed and cannot give a true representation

21
Q

what does the hardiness scale indiate?

A

low hardiness=badly effected by stress
moderate hardiness=deal well with stress but could improve
high hardiness=very good at dealing with stress and have a low risk of stress related illness

22
Q

what are the basic elements of hardiness?

A

Control-you can influence the events in your life, ie stressors

Commitment-the individuals sense of involvement and purpose in life

Challenge-changes in life should be seen as an opportunity not stressful

23
Q

Research into hardiness carried out by Kabasa

A

She produced a questionnaire which measured hardiness, a personality defined by various traits
FOUND that managers of large companies are less likely to suffer from stress related illnesses

24
Q

evaluation of Kabasa

A

correlational
questionnaires
individual differences

25
Q

outline one physiological method of stress management (Benzodiazepine-BZ’s)

A

they are a short term method
they act in the brain and increase the action of the neurotransmitter GABA.
Gaba REDUCES the stress response so the more Gaba, the less stress
Gaba STOPS anxiety when increased

26
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of BZ’s?

A

+ compared to other drugs, when overdosed they are relatively safe
-could lead to physical dependence and can go into withdrawl-also if used long term, memory could be imparired

27
Q

outline one physiological method of stress management (Beta Blockers)

A

LONG term
includes drugs such as propranolol and alprenolol
they act directly on the heart and circulatory system
they reduce the activation of this (heart)
stops your HR and BP increasing

28
Q

what are some advantages and disadvantages of Beta blockers?

A

+ they act rapidly and have a life saving function with high blood pressure
+ no severe side effects as it adjusts the body not the brain
- it does not target the source of stress

29
Q

outline stress inoculation therapy (SIT)

A

it identifies the cause of the stress and irrational thoughts before offering cognitive and behavioural skills to help cope.
STAGE 1: conseptualisation-identifying the stress
identify the cause, think back to stressful encounters, identify key features, keep a record.
STAGE 2: skill acquisition-practical
practice how to cope with the stress
STAGE 3: application and follow through
putting skills to work, pply the relaxation techniques and your skills to the real world

30
Q

Evaluation of SIT

A

+ evidence shows it is effective-more successful at reducing phobias and dealing with stressful events as opposed to desensitisation as it inoculates (protects) against future stressors

  • it doesnt have immediate positive effects whereas drugs like beta blockers have an immediate effect

+ SIT is effective in the long term whereas BZ’s are only successful for short term and SIT targets the cause

Psychology Resit (11 decks)

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