Stress

Question 1

What induces stress?

Answer 1

Perceived demands outweigh perceived ability to cope

Question 2

In what ways can stress be beneficial?

Answer 2

It can motivate you
Induces adrenaline

Question 3

What are the two types of physiological responses to stress?

Answer 3

1. Endocrine response
2. Autonomic nervous system response

Question 4

Which physiological response is faster?

Answer 4

Autonomic

Question 5

What happens during the Endocrine response?

Answer 5

Hormones are released into the blood stream and travel to the rest of the body

Question 6

What were the three effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline circulating throughout the bloodstream?

Answer 6

1. Glucose metabolism accelerates
2. Increased blood flow/cardiac activity
3. Increased blood pressure

Question 7

Why is an increase in glucose metabolism beneficial in stressful situations?

Answer 7

Glucose is used for energy, so this causes an increase in energy

Question 8

Why is increased blood flow and cardiac activity beneficial under stress?

Answer 8

It pumps blood to your muscles and prepares your body to either fight or run away

Question 9

What is the downside of increased blood pressure caused by stress?

Answer 9

Increased blood pressure over long periods of time can cause long term damage to your heart or other parts of the body.

Question 10

What are all the hormones released under stress?

Answer 10

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Cortisol
Cortisone
Hydrocortisone
Corticosterone

Question 11

What family of steroid stress hormones are released under stress?

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids

Question 12

What four hormones are included in the glucocorticoids family?

Answer 12

Cortisol
Cortisone
Hydrocortisone
Corticosterone

Question 13

What effects do the glucocorticoids have on the body?

Answer 13

1. Conversion of stored fat and protein to usable forms of energy
2. Suppression of immune system
3. Cortisol may allow more calcium into neurons

Question 14

What system mediates the Endocrine system

Answer 14

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 15

What is the HPA axis comprised of?

Answer 15

the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland

Question 16

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 16

Above the kidneys

Question 17

What two parts comprise the adrenal glands?

Answer 17

Adrenal cortex
Adrenal Medulla

Question 18

Where are the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla located within the gland?

Answer 18

Cortex is the outer layer and medulla is inside

Question 19

What is the function of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 19

synthesizes, stores, and releases steroids, especially glucocorticoids

Question 20

What is the function of the adrenal medulla

Answer 20

Synthesizes, stores, and releases adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 21

What activates the adrenal glands?

Answer 21

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland

Question 22

What activates the pituitary gland?

Answer 22

the adrenocorticotrophic hormone releasing factor (ACTH-RF) or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus

Question 23

True or False
The HPA system is extremely sensitive to changes in the environment

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What happens during the autonomic response?

Answer 24

A system of nerves that extend throughout the body are activated in a rapid fashion

Question 25

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 25

increases heart rate, sweat gland activation, and glucose release

Question 26

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

Decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and simulates digestion