stress

Question 1

characteristics of stressors

Answer 1

nature - environmental, social, psychological or cultural
duration- acute or chronic
strength- Mild-severe. Ability to cope is affected by severity.

Question 2

stages of gas and effects of exhaustion

Answer 2

Alarm- threat is detected by amygdala. The amygdala then sends a signal to hypothalamus to initiate the sympathetic nervous system, and a signal is sent to adrenal glands by blood stream. once reached the signal stimulates release of cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Resistance - parasympathetic nervous system activated to reverse effects of sympathetic nervous system. Cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline continue to be secreted.

Exhaustion- body’s physical and mental reserves deplete, limiting the effectiveness of adrenal glands. This causes a drop in blood sugar and negative impacts on health.

Effects of exhaustion:
fatigue
reduced motivation
depression
anxiety
weakened immune system
increased risk of heart disease and diabetes

Question 3

what are the 4 coping strategies for stress

Answer 3

maladaptive and adaptive
emotional and problem focused

Question 4

what is emotion focused coping and when is it typically used

Answer 4

coping that focuses on managing emotional reactions to stress. It’s typically used when there is no other perceived resources to effectively respond to or cope with the stress.

Question 5

what is problem focused coping

Answer 5

addressing the root cause of the stress. Typically used when individuals believe they have the resources to deal with the stress.

Question 6

what is maladaptive coping

Answer 6

coping strategies involving harmful and unhealthy stress management that exacerbates its adverse effects

Question 7

what is adaptive coping

Answer 7

beneficial and productive methods for managing stress that can decrease the adverse effects of stress

Question 8

what is the social readjustment scale

Answer 8

a scale that measures the amount of stress insert more information bc i didnt finish card

Question 9

what is a stressor

Answer 9

A source of stress from internal or external factors

Question 10

what is the difference between distress and eustress

Answer 10

Distress is a negative stress response that is accompanied by physiological reactivity and negative emotions whereas eustress is a positive stress response that motivates and enhances function

Question 11

how did Selye define stress

Answer 11

The non-specific response of the body to any demand

Question 12

types of stressors

Answer 12

environmental - stressors arise from surroundings of an individual e.g., temperature, noise etc
psychological - emotional and cognitive factors e.g., relationship changes or pressure at work
social - relationships and interactions with society e.g., conflict with family and friends or pressure to be to be accepted
cultural - emerge from cultural identity, values and norms e.g., discrimination due to culture

Question 13

characteristics of stressors

Answer 13

nature - environmental, social, psychological or cultural
duration- acute or chronic
strength- Mild-severe. Ability to cope is affected by severity.

Question 14

how did Holmes and Rahe define stress

Answer 14

A significant change in life that requires a response or adjustment

Question 15

what is Holmes and Rahe’s theory

Answer 15

Personality, life experiences, and social support do not effect the impact of, response or adjustment to stress.

Question 16

what is the social readjustment scale

Answer 16

a scale made by Holmes and Rahe that assesses the amount of stress experienced by an individual in the previous year. It is made up of 43 common life events ranging from minimally stress full to extremely stressful that have been given an amount of LCU and are added up to get a final score.

the LCU score estimates the level of adjustment and stress

Question 17

what is transactional theory of stress and coping (Lazarus and Folkman)

Answer 17

individuals use their perception of a stressful situation and their past experiences to help them cope. The theory states that stress is not an event but a consequence of primary and secondary appraisals

Question 18

how does transactional theory of stress and coping work (Lazarus and Folkman)

Answer 18

Individuals interact with their environment and stress arises from the continual need to assess their current situation. Individuals then make appraisals on their environment. First primary appraisal occurs, individuals initially assess the situation to determine if there’s a threat or challenge. Then a secondary appraisal is made, individuals assess available resources and coping options to manage situation.