Stress

Question 1

3 key characteristics of stress are….

Answer 1

1. stress calls for action
2. our body responds the same regardless of the type of stress
3. can cause structural and physiological changes to our body (may be long term)

Question 2

Adrenal Glands

Answer 2

• adjacent to kidneys
• medulla: inner
• cortex: outer

Question 3

what do our adrenal glands to when activated by stess?

Answer 3

1. move blood away from extremities and to core organs
2. vasoconstrict = inc BP = inc HR
3. open up lungs = inc o2

Question 4

what is our adrenal medulla responsible for?

Answer 4

• releases epinephrine/norepnephrine (NRTMs)
  
  • inc HR, BP
  • lipolysis (more gluc = more energy)
  • narrow veins
  • open lungs (adrenaline)
  • muscle glycogen –> muscle glucose (adrenaline)

Question 5

what part of the NS is the adrenal medulla in? what is this part responsible for?

Answer 5

sympathetic NS
- alarm stage
- fight or flight
- short term

Question 6

how does our ant pit contribute to our stress response?

Answer 6

secrete ACTH and beta- endorphins (pain)
- resistance stage
- sustained response

Question 7

what is our adrenal cotex responsible for?

Answer 7

• long term stress
• synthesizes/secretes CORTICOSTEROIDS

Question 8

what effect do glucocorticoids (cortisol) have?

Answer 8

• maintains high blood gluc levels to help brain fn and have enough energy to sustain F.O.F response
• breaks down fats for MORE energy
• suppresses immune fn and inhibit inflammatory response
• released during intense physical exercise

Question 9

what effect does mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) have?

Answer 9

• maintain electrolyte balance
  
  • reabsorb na/h2o in kidneys
  • inc BV/BP
• release stimulated by dehydration, low na, blood loss

Question 10

using a flow chart, explain how our body reacts to long term stress

Answer 10

stress/rhythm –> hyp –> CRH –> ant pit -> ACTH –> adrenal cortex –> cortisol –> inc blood gluc, a.a, f.a

Question 11

what occurs in exhaustion stage?

Answer 11

• no more F.O.F
• long term effects of glucocorticoids
• prediabetic (long term blood gluc levs)
• lose muscle mass/strength
• impaired congnitive fn (memory, emotion, decision making)