Hormone Action Flashcards
What are hormones?
- chemical signals that influence cell activities
- produced by EXO or ENDO - crine glands
- if endo: travel thru circulatory system
- affect target cells (cells with matching receptors)
Endocrine Glands
- secreted INTO the body
- travel thru circulatory system to its target cells
- EMPTY contents into bloodstream
What are some types of endocrine glands?
- adrenal glands (in kidney)
- mucus glands
Exocrine Glands
- secreted OUT of the body
- leave thru DUCTS
What are some types of exocrine glands?
- sweat glands
- salivary glands
- digestive enzymes (pancreas)
Hypothalamus
produces releasing hormones (TRH), send to pit. gland
Pituitary Gland
produces stimulating hormones (TSH)
- controls growth, h2o levels (ADH)
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
infundibulum
What is the purpose of thyroid glands?
regulate metabolism
What does the parathyroid gland do?
control Ca levels in blood
What causes abnormal growth?
piuitary tube
What is the purpose of Releasing hormones?
allows glands to communicate with e/o
Steroid Hormone
- characteristics
- how does it work
non polar = diffuses into cell membrane easily
1. diffuses into cell
2. binds with receptor in CYTOPLASM
3. hormone-receptor complex enters nucleus and creates proteins
Peptide Hormones
- characteristics
- how do they work?
- large, polar = cannot diffuse easily, requires a 2nd msngr
1. binds to receptor on cell membrane (outside)
2. produces G - PROTIEN
3. interacts with ADENYLATE CYCLASE
4. activates cAMP- activates protein kinase
- reduced ATP (2 po4)
- metabollic changes in cell
Transduction/Phosphorylation Cascade
each protein activates the next like a domino effect thru phosphorylation and the last step is when the very last activated protien causes an effect on the cell
