Excreting Waste

Question 1

what is oxidative deamination?

Answer 1

digesting protiens y removing amino group (turns into nh4) - remaining c molecule goes to krebs

Question 2

how is intercellular waste removed?(generally)

Answer 2

kidneys remove intercellular waste from the blood

Question 3

where does intercellular waste come from?

Answer 3

cellular rxns
- cell resp & metabolism (co2,h2o,nh4,po4)
- breaking down amino/fatty/nucleic - acids
drug/toxin metabolism
- brought into urine thru distal tubule

Question 4

what is the diff between single cells and clusters when it comes to extcreting intercellular waste?

Answer 4

single cells - rely on diffusion
large clusters of cells - need transport system
- circulatory system: prevents a hypertonic solution of waste from being created (NIMBY) & how things actually leave
- excretory system

Question 5

which organs are used to remove non-solid waste? what are the waste?

Answer 5

lungs - co2,h2o
skin - excess ions/h2o via ducts
kindeys - nwaste

Question 6

what are the 3 types of nwaste?

Answer 6

ammonia, urea, uric acid

Question 7

what type of animal excretes ammonia? what are characteristics of ammonia that can explain this

Answer 7

aquatic animals
ammonia is: highly soluble (can diffuse in h2o quickly) & high toxic (its alright bc its flushed out by currents in sea)
highly toxic: due to it being highly toxic, animal wants to excrete it quickly, often losing water. this is fine bc it lives IN water so can easily be replenished

Question 8

why do u have to freq change the water in the fish bowl?

Answer 8

no tides/places for nh4 to be washed out = conc of nh4 = highly toxic = dead fish

Question 9

what type of animal excretes urea? what are characteristics of urea that can explain this

Answer 9

terrestrial animals
urea = processed nh4 (in liver)
- mid-soluble: larger molecule
- less toxic: less urgent to get rid of = can hold in more water
WATER SHOULD BE PRESERVED BC ITS NOT EASILY ACCESSIBLE

Question 10

what type of animal excretes uric acid? what are characteristics of uric acid that can explain this

Answer 10

egg laying animals
- low solubility: excreted as solid, once it leaves embryo in egg, wont come back in, protects embryo
-lox toxicity: doesnt damage embryo
- even larger molecule
- flying animals want to minimize weight, solid waste means less water loss/less need to drink more water = LIGHT!

Question 11

what are components in urine? (human)

Answer 11

urea, excess water/glucose, salts