Blood Sugar Control Flashcards
relation b/w insulin and glucagon
- antagonistic
- peptide based
- respond directly to [blood sugar]
- neg FBL
- their effects trigger e/o
what happens if ur blood sugar is too high?
blood becomes HYPERTONIC
RBC lose water, BP inc (more water enters blood stream) = inc BV = inc urination = inc dehydration (we dont retain h2o bc of high conc that we’re trying to pee out)
what happens if ur blood sugar is too low?
lose consciousness bc vital processes/organs prioritized
lose body mass thru protein/lipid catabolism to get more glucose
insulin
- secreted by?
- what does it do?
- how does it work?
- secreted by beta cells, triggered by high [blood sugar]
- stops sending glucose to gluconeogenesis & lipolysis (both occur in the liver)
- pulls glucose into liver and stores as glycogen
- binds to cell receptor on membrane –> transduction –> inc GLUT4 prod –> inc gluc intake in cells
Gluconeogenesis
making new glucose molecules by taking the glycogen stored in the liver (glycogen –> glucose)
Lipolysis
break down of white fats thru beta-oxidation for more glucose
Glucagon
- secreted by?
- what does it do?
- how does it work?
- secreted by alpha cells when low [blood sugar]
- a-cells activated = release glycogen in blood stream –> go to liver to do gluconeogenesis & lipolysis
- inc blood sugar
Type 1 Diabetes (Juvenile)
pancrease doesnt produce insulin = too much gluc in blood stream, not enough in cells = hypertonic sol = dehydration, fatigue, weight loss (cells go to lipolysis for glucose), autoimmune problems
Type 2 Diabetes (Adult Onset)
- desensitized insulin receptors
- GLU4 doesnt open
- high blood sugar
what is the pancreas’ role?
- acts as both sensor and control centre
- endocrine fn: release insulin/glucagon to control blood sugar levels
- exocrine: digestive enzymes
