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Microbiology 2 > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

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1
Q

Principal Characteristics of Streptococcus

A

Gram-positive cocci

singly, pairs, chains

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2
Q

Oxygen requirement and enzyme test positivity of Streptococcus

A

Facultative anaerobic and some are strictly anaerobic

catalase and oxidase negative

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3
Q

Reproduction of Streptococcus

A

Nonsporeforming

Fermentative

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4
Q

Habitat of Streptococcus

A

Widely distributed in nature
Commensal in animals
Skin, mucous membranes of the genital, upper respiratory and digestive tract

Each species has a preferential site and host species

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5
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Human, rodent, (cattle)

Pharyngotonsilitis, pyoderma, erysipelas, puerperal fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis (mastitis)

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6
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Dairy Cattle, sheep, goat, dogs, cats

Mastitis

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7
Q

Streptococcus equi ssp equi

A

Horses - Strangles

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8
Q

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

A

Horses, fowl, dog, ruminant

Secondary pneumonia, genital and neonatal infections

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9
Q

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

A

Dairy Cattle

Mastitis, lamb polyatrithis

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10
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Cattle - Lactic acidosis

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11
Q

Streptococcus porcinus

A

Swine - Jowl abscess

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12
Q

Streptococcus canis

A

Carnivores - Pyogenic conditions, lymphadenitis

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13
Q

Streptococcus suis

A

Swine - Neonatal infections, septicemia

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14
Q

Streptococcus uberis

A

Cattle - Mastitis

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15
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Primates (lab animals) - Pneumonia, septicemia

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16
Q

Type of Hemolysis of Streptococcus

A

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus: Narrow zone of incomplete hemolysis, Most are commensal

Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus: Wide, clear zones of complete hemolysis. Most are pathogenic

Gamma-hemolytic Streptococcus: non hemolytic. Most are nonpathogenic

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17
Q

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus species

A

non-groupable Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus viridans

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18
Q

Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species

A

Group A & B
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

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19
Q

Gamma-hemolytic Streptococcus species

A

Group D

Enterococcus sp

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20
Q

Classification of Streptococcus according to growth characteristic, type of hemolysis and biochemical characteristics

A
  1. Pyogenic
  2. Oral
  3. Enterococci
  4. Lactic
  5. Anaerobic
  6. Other
  7. SIS (Species Incertae Sedis)
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21
Q

Usually beta-hemolytic and pathogenic

A

Pyogenic

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22
Q

Usually alpha-hemolytic. Oppurtunists

A

Oral

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23
Q

Oppurtunists in intestinal tract. Now classified in the genus Enterococcus

A

Enterococci

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24
Q

Alpha or nonhemolytic cocci found in milk; probably non pathogenic.

A

Lactic

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25
Q

Oppurtunists, nonhemolytic cocci on the intestinal and respiratory tract

A

Anaerobic

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26
Q

Other Streptococci that cannot be conveniently placed in 1 of the other 5 categories

A

Other

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27
Q

Other Streptococcal species which could not be placed in 1 of the 6 categories

A

SIS (Species Incertae Sedis)

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28
Q

Classification based on serologic differences in a carbohydrate substance in the cell wall component C.

A

Lancefield Groupings

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29
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. pyogenes

A

A - Pyogenic

30
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. agalactiae

A

B - Pyogenic

31
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. dysagalactiae

A

C - SIS

32
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis

A

C - SIS

33
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S equi ssp. equi

A

C - Pyogenic

34
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus

A

C - Pyogenic

35
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. bovis

A

D - Other

36
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of equinus

A

D - Other

37
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of E. faecalis

A

D - Enterococci

38
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of E. faecium

A

D - Enterococci

39
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. durans

A

D - Enterococci

40
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. uberis

A

C, D, E, P, U - Other

41
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. suis

A

D, R, S - SIS

42
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. pneumoniae

A

G - Pyogenic

43
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. porcinus

A

E, P, U - SIS

44
Q

Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. avium

A

G - enterococci

45
Q

Lancefield Grouping that causes mastitis in cow and lymphadenitis in cat

A

Group G

46
Q

Major virulence factors for Streptococci

A

M Protein & Hyaluronidase

47
Q

The only capsulated species of Streptococci

A

S. pneumoniae

S. agalactiae

48
Q

Term used to describe immunological cross-reactivity between host and bacterial antigens; example

A

Molecular mimicry; M Protein mimic cardiac myosin in rheumatic carditis

49
Q

A hemolytic exotoxin produced by Streptococci that is antigenic and heat & O2 labile, that causes deep hemolysis in blood agar plates

A

Streptolysin O

50
Q

A hemolytic exotoxin produced by Streptococci that is non-antigenic and O2 stable

A

Streptolysin S

51
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococci that lyses fibrin

A

Streptokinas (Fibrinolysin)

52
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococci responsible for the rash in scarlet fever, pyrogenecity and lethal shock; affects permeability of blood vessels

A

Erythrogenic Toxins

53
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococci that hydrolyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) of respiratory enzymes, thus killing phagocytes

A

NASases

54
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococci that has the ability to lyse and interfere with the function of cells and soluble molecules of the immune system; Pore forming, O2 labile hemolysin, slows cilia, reduces clearance and causes alveolar necrosis

A

Penumolysin

55
Q

Cell wall antigen which has an antiphagocytic property

Probable function as adhesin of S. equi and of Group B Streptococci in adults

Masks C3b of complement system

A

M (Mucoid) Protein

56
Q

Responsible for the attachment of Streptococci to the host epithelial cells

A

Fimbriae

57
Q

Aid in the attachment and colonization of some Streptococci to host epithelial cells

A

Lipotheichoic acids

58
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococci that causes lysis of erythrocytes and platelets (cytotoxic) and dermonecrotoxic

A

Peptidoglycan

59
Q

Resistance of Streptococcus

A

Survive weeks in soil, clothing, bedding, food, stalls, milking machines, and milking containers

Generally susceptible to the usual chemical disinfectants

60
Q

Pathogenicity of Streptococcus

A

Causes suppurative and abscess formation

Localized and leads to septicemia

Severity depends upon the immune response

61
Q

Material used for diagnosis of Streptococcus

A

Pus, joint, fluid, milk, organs, blood swab, and meningeal swab

62
Q

Staining used for diagnosis of Streptococcus

A

Culture smear by Gram Staining method

Milk smear by Newman’s staining method

63
Q

Media used for diagnosis of Streptococcus

A

Nutrient Agar
Blood Agar
Edward’s medium

Most pyogenic bacteria produce beta hemolysis

64
Q

The gold standard technique for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). A biochemical reaction in which antibodies bind to the bacterial capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella.

Dye used

A

Quellung Reaction

Methylene Blue

Positive = capsule swelling

65
Q

It reflects the hemolytic synergism between Staph beta toxin and S. agalactiae

A

CAMP Phenomenon (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson)

Strep completes the partial hemolysis of S aureus

66
Q

Test that inhibits growth of S. pyogenes on BAP

A

Bacitracin sensitivity test

67
Q

Tests the ability of bile salt tolerant bacteria to tolerate esculin, a characteristic of S. bovis

A

Bile esculin hydrolysis

68
Q

Test that inhibits growth os S. pneumoniae

A

Optochin sensitivity

69
Q

Abilitiy of S. agalactiae under anaerobic conditions

A

Production of carotenoid

70
Q

Differentiation between B-hemolytic streptococci

Which species is susceptible/resistant to bacitracin and positive/negative in CAMP test

A

S. pyogenes - Bacitracin Susceptible, CAMP Negative

S. agalactiae - Bacitracin Resistant, CAMP Positive

71
Q

Differentiation between a-hemolytic streptococci

Which species is sensitive/resistant to optochin, soluble/insoluble in bile and can ferment inulin?

A

S. pneumoniae - Sensitive to Optochin, Bile Soluble, Not ferment Inulin

Viridians strep - Resistant to Optochin, Bile Insoluble, Can Ferment Inulin

Microbiology 2 (6 decks)

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