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Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Principal Characteristics of Streptococcus

A

Gram-positive cocci

singly, pairs, chains

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2
Q

Oxygen requirement and enzyme test positivity of Streptococcus

A

Facultative anaerobic and some are strictly anaerobic

catalase and oxidase negative

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3
Q

Reproduction of Streptococcus

A

Nonsporeforming

Fermentative

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4
Q

Habitat of Streptococcus

A

Widely distributed in nature
Commensal in animals
Skin, mucous membranes of the genital, upper respiratory and digestive tract

Each species has a preferential site and host species

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5
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Human, rodent, (cattle)

Pharyngotonsilitis, pyoderma, erysipelas, puerperal fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis (mastitis)

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6
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Dairy Cattle, sheep, goat, dogs, cats

Mastitis

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7
Q

Streptococcus equi ssp equi

A

Horses - Strangles

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8
Q

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

A

Horses, fowl, dog, ruminant

Secondary pneumonia, genital and neonatal infections

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9
Q

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

A

Dairy Cattle

Mastitis, lamb polyatrithis

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10
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Cattle - Lactic acidosis

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11
Q

Streptococcus porcinus

A

Swine - Jowl abscess

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12
Q

Streptococcus canis

A

Carnivores - Pyogenic conditions, lymphadenitis

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13
Q

Streptococcus suis

A

Swine - Neonatal infections, septicemia

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14
Q

Streptococcus uberis

A

Cattle - Mastitis

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15
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Primates (lab animals) - Pneumonia, septicemia

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16
Q

Type of Hemolysis of Streptococcus

A

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus: Narrow zone of incomplete hemolysis, Most are commensal

Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus: Wide, clear zones of complete hemolysis. Most are pathogenic

Gamma-hemolytic Streptococcus: non hemolytic. Most are nonpathogenic

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17
Q

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus species

A

non-groupable Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus viridans

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18
Q

Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species

A

Group A & B
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

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19
Q

Gamma-hemolytic Streptococcus species

A

Group D

Enterococcus sp

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20
Q

Classification of Streptococcus according to growth characteristic, type of hemolysis and biochemical characteristics

A
  1. Pyogenic
  2. Oral
  3. Enterococci
  4. Lactic
  5. Anaerobic
  6. Other
  7. SIS (Species Incertae Sedis)
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21
Q

Usually beta-hemolytic and pathogenic

A

Pyogenic

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22
Q

Usually alpha-hemolytic. Oppurtunists

A

Oral

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23
Q

Oppurtunists in intestinal tract. Now classified in the genus Enterococcus

A

Enterococci

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24
Q

Alpha or nonhemolytic cocci found in milk; probably non pathogenic.

A

Lactic

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25
Oppurtunists, nonhemolytic cocci on the intestinal and respiratory tract
Anaerobic
26
Other Streptococci that cannot be conveniently placed in 1 of the other 5 categories
Other
27
Other Streptococcal species which could not be placed in 1 of the 6 categories
SIS (Species Incertae Sedis)
28
Classification based on serologic differences in a carbohydrate substance in the cell wall component C.
Lancefield Groupings
29
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. pyogenes
A - Pyogenic
30
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. agalactiae
B - Pyogenic
31
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. dysagalactiae
C - SIS
32
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis
C - SIS
33
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S equi ssp. equi
C - Pyogenic
34
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus
C - Pyogenic
35
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. bovis
D - Other
36
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of equinus
D - Other
37
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of E. faecalis
D - Enterococci
38
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of E. faecium
D - Enterococci
39
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. durans
D - Enterococci
40
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. uberis
C, D, E, P, U - Other
41
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. suis
D, R, S - SIS
42
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. pneumoniae
G - Pyogenic
43
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. porcinus
E, P, U - SIS
44
Lancefield Group and Streptococcal Category of S. avium
G - enterococci
45
Lancefield Grouping that causes mastitis in cow and lymphadenitis in cat
Group G
46
Major virulence factors for Streptococci
M Protein & Hyaluronidase
47
The only capsulated species of Streptococci
S. pneumoniae | S. agalactiae
48
Term used to describe immunological cross-reactivity between host and bacterial antigens; example
Molecular mimicry; M Protein mimic cardiac myosin in rheumatic carditis
49
A hemolytic exotoxin produced by Streptococci that is antigenic and heat & O2 labile, that causes deep hemolysis in blood agar plates
Streptolysin O
50
A hemolytic exotoxin produced by Streptococci that is non-antigenic and O2 stable
Streptolysin S
51
Virulence factor of Streptococci that lyses fibrin
Streptokinas (Fibrinolysin)
52
Virulence factor of Streptococci responsible for the rash in scarlet fever, pyrogenecity and lethal shock; affects permeability of blood vessels
Erythrogenic Toxins
53
Virulence factor of Streptococci that hydrolyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) of respiratory enzymes, thus killing phagocytes
NASases
54
Virulence factor of Streptococci that has the ability to lyse and interfere with the function of cells and soluble molecules of the immune system; Pore forming, O2 labile hemolysin, slows cilia, reduces clearance and causes alveolar necrosis
Penumolysin
55
Cell wall antigen which has an antiphagocytic property Probable function as adhesin of S. equi and of Group B Streptococci in adults Masks C3b of complement system
M (Mucoid) Protein
56
Responsible for the attachment of Streptococci to the host epithelial cells
Fimbriae
57
Aid in the attachment and colonization of some Streptococci to host epithelial cells
Lipotheichoic acids
58
Virulence factor of Streptococci that causes lysis of erythrocytes and platelets (cytotoxic) and dermonecrotoxic
Peptidoglycan
59
Resistance of Streptococcus
Survive weeks in soil, clothing, bedding, food, stalls, milking machines, and milking containers Generally susceptible to the usual chemical disinfectants
60
Pathogenicity of Streptococcus
Causes suppurative and abscess formation Localized and leads to septicemia Severity depends upon the immune response
61
Material used for diagnosis of Streptococcus
Pus, joint, fluid, milk, organs, blood swab, and meningeal swab
62
Staining used for diagnosis of Streptococcus
Culture smear by Gram Staining method Milk smear by Newman's staining method
63
Media used for diagnosis of Streptococcus
Nutrient Agar Blood Agar Edward's medium Most pyogenic bacteria produce beta hemolysis
64
The gold standard technique for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). A biochemical reaction in which antibodies bind to the bacterial capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. Dye used
Quellung Reaction Methylene Blue Positive = capsule swelling
65
It reflects the hemolytic synergism between Staph beta toxin and S. agalactiae
CAMP Phenomenon (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson) Strep completes the partial hemolysis of S aureus
66
Test that inhibits growth of S. pyogenes on BAP
Bacitracin sensitivity test
67
Tests the ability of bile salt tolerant bacteria to tolerate esculin, a characteristic of S. bovis
Bile esculin hydrolysis
68
Test that inhibits growth os S. pneumoniae
Optochin sensitivity
69
Abilitiy of S. agalactiae under anaerobic conditions
Production of carotenoid
70
Differentiation between B-hemolytic streptococci Which species is susceptible/resistant to bacitracin and positive/negative in CAMP test
S. pyogenes - Bacitracin Susceptible, CAMP Negative S. agalactiae - Bacitracin Resistant, CAMP Positive
71
Differentiation between a-hemolytic streptococci Which species is sensitive/resistant to optochin, soluble/insoluble in bile and can ferment inulin?
S. pneumoniae - Sensitive to Optochin, Bile Soluble, Not ferment Inulin Viridians strep - Resistant to Optochin, Bile Insoluble, Can Ferment Inulin

Microbiology 2 (6 decks)

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