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Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Characteristics of Staphylococcus

A

gram positive cocci in pairs

short chain and clusters

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2
Q

Oxygen requirement and enzyme test positivity of Staphylococcus

A

aerobic and facultatively anaerobic
catalase positive
oxidase negative

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3
Q

Reproduction and Motility of Staphylococcus

A

Non motile
Non spore forming
Fermentative

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4
Q

Pigment present in Staphylococcus

A 
Carotenoid pigment
(S. aureum=gold)
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5
Q

Habitat of Staphylococcus

A

Commensal of the skin and mucous membranes
Upper respiratory and digestive tracts of warm blooded animals

Normal in nasal membrane, nasopharynx, skin, perineum, GI tract genital tract

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6
Q

S. aureus

A 
Bovine - Mastitis, 
Canine - Pyoderma, UTI
Equine - Botryomycosis
Feline - UTI
Porcine - Mastitis. Metritis
Fowl - Bumblefoot
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7
Q

S. hyicus

A

Porcine - Exudative epidermitis (Greasy Pig Disease)

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8
Q

S. intermedius

A

Canine - Pyoderma

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9
Q

S. delphini

A

Dolphin - Purulent skin lesion

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10
Q

S. schleiferi ssp. coagulans

A

Canine - Otitis Externa

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11
Q

Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus

A 
Hemolysin
Leukocidin
Enterotoxin
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST 1)
Exfoliatin (epidermolytic toxin)
Hyaluronidase
Lipase
Staphylokinase
Coagulase
Siderophore
Carotenoids
Catalase
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12
Q

Catalase negative and anaerobic Staphylococcus

A

S. saccharolyticus

S. aureus ssp. anaerobius

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13
Q

Different classes of Hemolysin

A 
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Epsilon
Gamma
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14
Q

Hemolysis type of Alpha toxin and action

A

Complete Hemolysis
Beta Hemolysis

Causes spasm of smooth vascular muscle, vasoconstriction, dermonecrotizing, lethal, osmotic lysis

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15
Q

Hemolysis type of Beta toxin and action

A 
Partial Hemolysis (Complete if cold)
Alpha Hemolysis

Hot cold hemolysis
Degrades sphingomyelin
In bacteriophange gene

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16
Q

Hemolysis type of Delta toxin

A

Complete

Damage cells in the vessels

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17
Q

Hemolysis type of Epsilon and Gamma toxin

A

Epsilon - Complete

Gamma - Partial

18
Q

Causes pore formation on WBC, kills PMN and macrophanges

A

Leukocidin

19
Q

Types of Enterotoxins

A

A, B, C1-3, D, E, G, H, I

Present in many S. aureus and S. intermedius
Stimulate emetic centers of the brain

20
Q

Enterotoxin associated with Staphylococcus food poisoning in humans

A

Enterotoxin A

21
Q

A non emetic, pseudoenterotoxin, analogous to pyrogenic toxin of strep, superantigen, can cause tolerance

A

Toxic Shock syndrome Toxin (TSST 1)

22
Q

Causes staphylococcal skin syndrome (SSS) and Exudative epidermitis

A

Exfoliatin (epidermolytic toxin)

ShET - pigs
SET - humans

23
Q

Present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer. Detachment pf epidermis from the skin

A

Nikolsky’s Sign

24
Q

Found in the cell wall that binds immunoglobulin via the nonspecific Fc receptor, disrupts opsonization and phagocytosis

25
When present it offers a physical barrier to phagocytic ingestion by masking immunoglobulin Fc site
capsule
26
Degrades urea converting it into ammonia, makes urine more alkaline Damages mucosa of epithelium Causes urinary stone formation
Urease
27
Breaks down hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronidase
28
Cleaves either DNA or RNA
Nuclease
29
Hydrolyses lipids, fats, and oils
Lipases
30
Causes lysis of clots in Staphylococcus infection
Staphylokinase (fibrinolysin)
31
Coagulates plasma (staphylothrombin)
Coagulase (clumping factor)
32
Responsible for iron acquisition from extracellular source
Siderophore (staphyloferrin B)
33
Detoxifies reactive oxygen compounds and gives a golden yellow pigment
Carotenoids
34
Destroys H2O2 produced by phagocytes
catalase
35
The predominant pattern of Staphylococcus infections
Suppuration and Abscess formation
36
Stages of abscess formation
1. Acute inflammation 2. Chemotactic factors 3. Outpouring of large amounts of lysosomal enzymes from damages neutrophils 4. Inflammatory area walled off by thick-walled fibrin capsule
37
Resistance of Staphylococcus
Drying for weeks Heating up to 60°C for 30 minutes pH fluctuations from 9.5 to 4 7.5% salt concentration
38
Sample collection for Staphylococcus
Aspirate from unopened lesions, milk samples, blood, urine
39
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus
Blood Agar Plates + 15mg Nalidixic Acid/10mg Colistin Mannitol Salt Agar Baird Parker Agar
40
Remaining useful antibiotic against Staphylococcus
Vancomycin But vancomycin resistance has been documented

Microbiology 2 (6 decks)

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