strength: theory flashcards to learn
aerobic capacity
the ability to inspire, transport, and use O2 to perform sustained periods of aerobic exercise
- depends on the efficiency of respiratory, CV and muscular systems
VO2 max
max Vol of o2 inspired, transported and used per min during exhaustive exercise (ml/kg/min)
direct gas analysis disadvantages
- maximal test to exhaustion
- cannot be used with the elderly or those with health conditions
- access to specialist equipment required (expensive)
direct gas analysis advantages
- direct objective measure of VO2 max
- accurate, valid and reliable measure
- test performed during different exercises in lab or field settings
direct gas analysis
- subject performs continuous exercise at progressive intensities to exhaustion,
- expired air captured by mask with tube connected to a flow meter and gas analyser
- conc of O2 and co2 measured
strength endurance
ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions (or a single isometric contraction) over a period of time
press up test
performer completes as many press ups as possible, maintaining good form, the test score is the total number completed
strength endurance test advantages
- large groups at on time
- simple and cheap equipment
- isolates abs/ biceps and triceps
- valid and reliable
strength endurance tests disadvantages
- good technique is essential
- safety concerns over repeated strain on the lower spine
- maximal test to exhaustion limited by subject motivation
- not sport specific e.g for cyclists
explosive/elastic strength
the ability to produce a maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid contractions
Plyometrics
- Bounding jumping press ups with claps etc
- takes advantage of the stretch reflex which is a protective mechanism
- an eccentric contraction occurs first which causes a more forceful concentric contraction to follow
- this increases explosive strength
dynamic flexibility
the range of motion around a joint moving at speed
goniometry
- double armed angle ruler is used
- measures the angle in degrees from a neutral standing position to the position of the full range of movement at a joint (difference between each angle)
goniometry advantages
- objective, valid and accurate measure (as long as correct technique is used)
- can measure any joint, making it sport-specific
goniometry disadvantages
- can be difficult to locate the axis of rotation/joint centre
- invalid and unreliable if the correct procedure isn’t followed
characteristics of a open skill
- affected by environment, usually unpredictable
- interpreted and adapted differently each time
- e.g. receiving a pass in football
drive theory
as arousal increases, the performance of the dominant response increases linearly
traits sports confidence
an individuals innate, natural belief in their general sporting ability
how does Vealeys model work?
- trait sport confidence, sporting context, and competitive orientation create state sports confidence
- state sports confidence creates the performance of the skill and the subjective perceptions of outcome
