strength and weaknesses Flashcards
ES - energy systems
-three different energy systems. The ATP/PC, glycolytic and the aerobic system.
-200m race is short and explosive, the predominant energy system will be the ATP/PC system that has a duration of 10 seconds.
-ATP has been used up and needs to be re-synthesised via an endothermic reaction in order to continue exercising.
-PC is then broken down to produce energy that can be used to resynthesise ATP with a 1:1 energy yield per 1 mole of fuel.
-explodes out of the start block, the ATP/PC system will be readily available for the first 10 seconds until it reaches a threshold where the glycolytic system will take over.
-Glycogen stores are broken down in a system to produce a 1:2 energy yield per 1 mole of fuel.
-However, it produces lactic acid that can accumulate and cause fatigue.
theories of learning
-used operant conditioning and learnt from trial and error in their previous races.
-after practise, they needed to adjust their start blocks so that they could gain the most power out of them when using them.
-When they feel they have gained a great amount of power and have a quick time over a short distance, they know that the setup of the block is correct and will set it up the same next time.
-In training, the performer may have used social learning theory and observed others.
-Their coach will have demonstrated the correct body positioning, and how their body should be positioned during the race.
-paid attention to the demonstration, retained the information through memory, reproduced this behaviour when they trained and be motivated to carry out this skill.
MT - modern tech and participation
-Modern technology has allowed equipment to be mass produced meaning that it is cheaper and more accessible.
-allows more people to be able to buy it, such as the spikes and clothing the performer is wearing.
-spikes help the performer accelerate as they grip the track.
-If the performer didn’t have them, they may have a slight disadvantage in their race time and wouldn’t be able to participate at the level they are.
-Technology has also allowed the development of better facilities such as synthetic track surfaces.
-These allow people to train and race all year round, no matter the weather.
-increases participation because there are no limitations to when it can be trained on.
AOM - analysis of movement
-The leg action occurs in the sagittal plane and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints.
-foot strike, the hinge joint found in the ankle goes through dorsi-flexion when the foot makes impact with the ground using the agonist tibialis anterior.
-foot then pushes off the ground, this is plantar flexion where the main agonist muscles are the gastrocnemius and the soleus.
SOL - stages of learning
-three stages of learning including the cognitive, associative and autonomous phase.
-The athlete is likely to be in the associative phase. This is the practise phase of learning where fluency is improved but not complete.
-can use their own intrinsic feedback because they have kinaesthesia meaning that they can understand their own performance.
-However, they still rely on extrinsic feedback.
-they can link metal picture and physical performance.
-The performer is well practised and not a beginner but not at the stage of having high levels of fluency.
MFT - muscle fibre type
-predominant muscle fibre type that a sprinter uses are fast glycolytic muscle fibres.
-structurally designed to work anaerobically and have large stores of PC for rapid energy production and to produce the largest amount of force.
-they fatigue fast and can only be used for a short period of time, meaning that fast oxidative muscle fibres may also be recruited.
-used by high-intensity athletes, whereas FG are used for explosive athletes.
A - arousal
-readiness for action that motivates a performer to behave in a particular way.
-inverted-U theory well describes the arousal of the performer.
-As arousal increases, so does performance until an optimal point.
-After this point, the performer will become over aroused and their performance deteriorates. For example, they become over aroused and have a bad reaction time at the start block.
-The theory recognises that optimal arousal levels can be different for people depending on their personality, sport and stage of learning.
HR - HR, SV, MV
-in response to exercise, breathing rate increases to allow enough O2 to get into the body and CO2 out. They are both transported in the blood and therefore blood transpiration needs to increase.
-HR increases with the demand for O2 to the muscles. This can be calculated to find to max HR by calculating 220 – age.
-SV also increases so that more blood can be ejected from the heart with each beat. HR and SV then effect the Q meaning that the volume of blood ejected by the heart per min is higher than at rest.
M - motivation
-intrinsic motivation which comes from within themselves to perform a task or activity for their own sake to pursue personal satisfaction and motivation.
-they may want to achieve a personal best at their next race.
-also have extrinsic motivation to achieve a tangible award such as finishing in the top three of their race and winning a medal.
BF - BF, TV, MV
-BF increases in response to demand for oxygen in the muscles which will rapidly increase when the performer begins exercising.
-BF will rapidly increase in a trained athlete from 11-12 b/m at rest to 50-60 b/min during maximal intensity.
-TV will also increase in proportion to maximal intensity exercise from 0.5l to 3-3.5l.
-MV determined by f and TV and will rapidly increase at the start of exercise and then steadily increase as time continues up until about 10 mins. As this is maximal exercise lasting less than 30 seconds, MV won’t be able to reach its peak but can increase from 5.5 l/min to around 40 l/min.
COS - classification of skill
The arm action is classed as a gross skill as it involves large muscle skills with little concern for precision.
This also makes it a motor skill as it involves movement and muscular control.
As there is no clear beginning and end of the skill, it will be continuous.
It is also a simple skills as little information is needed and no decisions to be made to perform it.
POT - periodisation of training
-training plan will be broken into 3x three week training blocks over an nine week timescale.
-The 9 weeks will be focused around a meso-cycle with the goal of increasing the explosive speed of the performer so that they have a better start and a quicker race time.
-The 9 weeks will also be split into three micro-cycles where each 3 week block will focus on a different area of training.
MOP - methods of practice
-action of running can be difficult to break down so it would be most appropriate to use whole practise where a skill is taught without being broken down.
-gives a kinaesthetic sense for the skill and transfer from practise to the real situation is positive.
-fixed practise should also be used meaning that the conditions do not change.
-good for beginners or those wanting to thoroughly learn a closed skill.
SCU - schools clubs uni
-Schools, clubs and universities all have a role as the routes to sporting excellence.
-Schools offer students the opportunity to learn a range of sports such as athletics and offer the opportunity to attend fixtures with other schools.
-means that young people are introduced to sports they may not have tried before and can provide links to local clubs.
-clubs nurture and encourage talent, providing guidance to develop performance.
-also are part of organised leagues and young athletes can attend competitions with the possibility of being talent scouted.
-often the place that professional athletes can start their careers.
L - levers
-Levers are found in joints
-2nd class lever can be found in the ball of the foot when the performer steps out of the block.
-ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum with the load being the weight of the body pushing down towards the ground and the effort being the contraction of the gastrocnemius pushing off the ground.
-efficient system as the effort arm is longer than the load arm meaning that a large load can be moved with relatively small effort.
-gives the lever system a mechanical advantage.
