Strand 2: urban form Flashcards

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1
Q

What is urban form

A

Relates to the physical characteristics that go towards making up an urban area. This includes size, shape, and population density

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2
Q

What are physical factors that determine urban form

A
  • topography(steep slopes are harder to be built on)
  • gap towns
  • dry points (areas taht are away from risk of flooding)
  • wet points(good water supply)
  • availability of natural resources
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3
Q

Human factors determining urban form

A
  • transport (roads, trains,sea)
  • trading centres
  • planning (geometric form of housing)
  • land value
  • government policies
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4
Q

What is meant by land use

A
  • housing/residential
  • industries
  • business/ commerce
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5
Q

What is burgess concentric ring model

A
1920s: A,B will
Contain shops factories and offices
-C will contain smaller housing
-D will contain middle class residents  
-E will contain best housing
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6
Q

Positives and negatives of burgess concentric ring model

A

+ large number of towns and cities follow this, still relevant event after transport
-doenst take physical features into account, transport is easier, deindustrialisation and centralisation isn’t taken into account

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7
Q

Hoyts sector model

A

Cities grew in a series of wedges/sectors based on physical and economic conditions, plus transport in HIC
- Lower class residents is based around manufacturing
- business is in the centre
- middle and upper class residents is next to each other

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8
Q

Positives and negatives of hoyts sector model

A

+some cities follow this, communication routes often do follow this
-little reference to physical environment,
Division of land use is too clear cut

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9
Q

Waugh’s model of a developing world city

A

Segments based on transport links but for developing countries

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10
Q

Positives and negatives of Waugh’s model of a developing world city

A

+highlights difference in living standards, many cities grow on transport
- no references to physical landscapes, doesn’t show where shanty towns are, LIC countries are often by sea and industry would be by sea

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11
Q

The multiple nuclei model

A

Argue that cities have multiple growth routes around which growth takes place. Unevenly spread out with different sectors based around the city

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12
Q

Positives and negatives of multiple nuclei model

A

+ modern cities, more realistic to bigger cities.

-doenst take into account of physical landscape, not for smaller cities

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13
Q

What are the key features of modern/new urban landscapes

A
  • cultural/heritage quarters (cultural production, galleries)
  • gentrified areas
  • edge cities (cities created form the original one)
  • fortress developments( landscapes designed for security which can involve deliberate segregation)
  • town centre mixed use development
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14
Q

What is a post modern western city

A

Urban form associated changes in urban structure and architectural design, reflecting the changed social and economic conditions of the late 20th century in some western cities

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15
Q

What is privatisation

A

Cities are becoming more privately owned

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16
Q

What are characteristics of a PMWC?

A
  • fragmentation (more diverse, division between rich and poor)
  • globalisation (global brands)
  • simulation (focus of astetic needs)
  • beautification (expression of art)
  • fortification(fortress landscapes for security)
  • information (global companies in service and knowledge economies)
  • gentrification
  • de centralisation