Strand 2: urban form Flashcards
What is urban form
Relates to the physical characteristics that go towards making up an urban area. This includes size, shape, and population density
What are physical factors that determine urban form
- topography(steep slopes are harder to be built on)
- gap towns
- dry points (areas taht are away from risk of flooding)
- wet points(good water supply)
- availability of natural resources
Human factors determining urban form
- transport (roads, trains,sea)
- trading centres
- planning (geometric form of housing)
- land value
- government policies
What is meant by land use
- housing/residential
- industries
- business/ commerce
What is burgess concentric ring model
1920s: A,B will Contain shops factories and offices -C will contain smaller housing -D will contain middle class residents -E will contain best housing
Positives and negatives of burgess concentric ring model
+ large number of towns and cities follow this, still relevant event after transport
-doenst take physical features into account, transport is easier, deindustrialisation and centralisation isn’t taken into account
Hoyts sector model
Cities grew in a series of wedges/sectors based on physical and economic conditions, plus transport in HIC
- Lower class residents is based around manufacturing
- business is in the centre
- middle and upper class residents is next to each other
Positives and negatives of hoyts sector model
+some cities follow this, communication routes often do follow this
-little reference to physical environment,
Division of land use is too clear cut
Waugh’s model of a developing world city
Segments based on transport links but for developing countries
Positives and negatives of Waugh’s model of a developing world city
+highlights difference in living standards, many cities grow on transport
- no references to physical landscapes, doesn’t show where shanty towns are, LIC countries are often by sea and industry would be by sea
The multiple nuclei model
Argue that cities have multiple growth routes around which growth takes place. Unevenly spread out with different sectors based around the city
Positives and negatives of multiple nuclei model
+ modern cities, more realistic to bigger cities.
-doenst take into account of physical landscape, not for smaller cities
What are the key features of modern/new urban landscapes
- cultural/heritage quarters (cultural production, galleries)
- gentrified areas
- edge cities (cities created form the original one)
- fortress developments( landscapes designed for security which can involve deliberate segregation)
- town centre mixed use development
What is a post modern western city
Urban form associated changes in urban structure and architectural design, reflecting the changed social and economic conditions of the late 20th century in some western cities
What is privatisation
Cities are becoming more privately owned