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Treatments I > Strain > Flashcards

Strain Flashcards

1
Q

What is an overstretch injury to a musculotendinous unit (muscle fiber injury)?

A

Strain

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2
Q

What is a grade 1 strain?

A

Minor stretch, few torn fibers

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3
Q

What is a grade 2 strain?

A

Several to majority of fibers torn

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4
Q

What is a grade 3 strain?

A

Complete rupture or avulsion fracture

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5
Q

What fracture is piece of bone attached to tendon/ligaments get pulled away from the main part of the bone?

A

Avulsion fracture

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6
Q

What are the etiology?

A
  1. Sudden overstretch of muscle
  2. Extreme contraction
  3. Trauma
  4. Chronic overuse
  5. Inadequate warmup for activites, limited flexibility, muscle fatigue
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7
Q

Where are the most common strains?

A
  1. Hamstrings
  2. Quadriceps
  3. Gastrocnemius
  4. Adductors
  5. Rotator Cuff
  6. Pec Minor
  7. Biceps Brachii
  8. Erectors
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8
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of a grade 1 strain?

A
  1. Can continue activity with mild discomfort
  2. Discomfort or mild pain
  3. Minimal or no loss of strength or function
  4. Local tenderness
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9
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of grade 2 strain?

A
  1. Difficulty continuing activity due to pain or weakness
  2. Possible snapping sound or sensation
  3. Palpable gap at the injury site
  4. Some loss of strength & function
  5. Protective spasm
  6. Bruising or hematoma may be present in more severe cases
  7. Protective spasm may limite ROM
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10
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of a grade 3 strain?

A
  1. Unable to continue activity due to significatn pain and weakness
  2. Snapping sensation or sound
  3. Bruising
  4. Severe pain aggravated by movement
  5. Possible swelling
  6. Palpable gap
  7. Often visible deformity, as the muscles shortens & bunches up
  8. Hematoma at the lesion site
  9. Protective spasm that decreases ROM
  10. Bandages, slings or crutches may be used
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11
Q

What are the signs & symptoms during acute?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Loss of function d/t swelling, protective spasm & pain
  3. Bruising red, black & blue
  4. Mm, blood vessel, nerve damage possible in grade 2 & 3
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12
Q

What are the signs & symptoms in early subacute?

A
  1. Inflammation decreased
  2. Swelling decreases, protective spasm are still present
  3. Bruising is black & blue
  4. Crutches & sling
  5. ROM is limited
  6. Adhesions are starting to form
  7. TPs, local & compensatory
  8. Reduced proprioception
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13
Q

What are the signs & symptoms in late subacute?

A
  1. Inflammation further decreased
  2. Edema decreased & gel like like
  3. Protective spasm has been replaced by ADH & FR
  4. Bruising is yellow, green & brown
  5. Crutches / sling
  6. ROM increased
  7. Adhesions are maturing
  8. TPs, local & compensatory
  9. Reduced proprioception
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14
Q

What are the signs & symptoms in chronic?

A
  1. Inflammation is gone
  2. Tissues may be cool d/t adhesions
  3. Fascial restrictions
  4. Edema is barely noticeable / gone
  5. Bruising gone
  6. Point tenderness is local to injury site
  7. ROM is limited in direction of injury - strength reduced
  8. Adhesions are matured & local to site
  9. TPs are local
  10. Reduced proprioception at joint
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15
Q

What are contraindications & precautions?

A
  1. No testing other than pain free AROM in acute grade 2 or 3
  2. Do not completely remove protective spasm (acute)
  3. No distal circulatory techniques (acute / early subacute)
  4. If a grade 3 strain is casted, no heat applications immediately proximal to the cast
  5. No frictions with inflammatories
  6. Avoid joint movement that produced pain or will overstretch the injured site
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16
Q

Assessment findings in acute

A
  1. Antalgic gait if injury is in web joint
  2. Antalgic posture
  3. Px facial expression
  4. AROM is limited due to pain
  5. PROM (grade 1 only) : pain and muscle spasm in the range that stretches the affected muscle
  6. RROM (grade 1 only) : minor or no loss of strength in the range that test the affected muscle
17
Q

Assessment findings in subacute / post acute

A
  1. AROM is limited due to pan
  2. PROM limited, painful, tissue stretch end feel in the range that stretches the affected muscle
  3. RROM contracture must be gradually increased
  4. MM strength shows weakness
  5. MM length shows shortness
18
Q

Assessment findings in chronic

A
  1. AROM may be limited
  2. PROM mildly painful, tissue stretch end feel in the range that stretches the affected muscle
  3. RROM & mm strength test show possible decrease in strengthW
19
Q

What are the goals of this treatment?

A
  1. Control inflammation (acute)
  2. Reduce edema & pain (acute)
  3. Prevent excess adhesion formation (early subacute)
  4. Maintain strength, function & mobility
  5. Encourage local circulation d/t mm are highly vascular
  6. Decrease muscle imbalances
    - injured muscles needs strengthening
  7. Restore mobility
  8. Norm mm tone
  9. Gradually restore muscular length & strength
  10. Reduce TPs & adhesions
20
Q

What are massage techniques to do?

A
  1. Kneading reduce HT, adh
  2. Stripping reduce HT, adh
  3. Frictions reduce adh & scar tissue
  4. O+I / GTO release reduce HT
  5. AROM
21
Q

What are homecare exercises?

A
  1. RICE / PRICES in acute
  2. Breathing exercises for pain reduction
  3. ROM exercises
    - Pain free in acute
  4. Stretching
  5. Strengthening
  6. Self massage / foam rolling

Treatments I (12 decks)

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