Sprain

Question 1

What is a sprain?

Answer 1

Overstretch to a ligament

Question 2

Which grade involves stretching of the ligament fibers, or microscopic tears?

Answer 2

Grade 1 (Mild or 1st degree)

Question 3

Which grade is when larger tears are present in a significant number of fibers?

Answer 3

Grade 2 (mild or 2nd degree)

Question 4

Which grade is a complete rupture of the ligament or avulsion of the fracture?

Answer 4

Grade 3 (severe or 3rd degree)

Question 5

Where is the most common sprain in the body?

Answer 5

Ankle - Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

Question 6

Where is the 2nd most common sprain?

Answer 6

Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)

Question 7

What movement is excessive for a CFL sprain?

Answer 7

Excessive inversion

Question 8

What is the usual mechanism of injury for MCL sprain?

Answer 8

Blow to LATERAL knee

Question 9

What is the usual mechanism of injury for LCL sprain?

Answer 9

Blow to MEDIAL knee

Question 10

What are the mechanisms of injury for ACL sprain?

Answer 10

1. Blow to lateral knee
2. Blow to anterior femur
3. Forced hyperextension with internal rotation
4. Blow to posterior tibia
5. Pivoting, decelerating or landing from a jump

Question 11

What are the mechanisms of injury for PCL sprain?

Answer 11

1. Blow to anterior tibia
2. Excessive hyperextension or MVA, tibia is forced posteriorly

Question 12

What are the mechanisms of injury for wrist & hand sprain?

Answer 12

FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand)

Question 13

What are the mechanisms of injury for shoulder sprain?

Answer 13

Falling onto shoulder
Grade 1 : tear the joint capsule
Grade 2 : Also tears the acromioclavicular ligament
Grade 3 : Tears the conoid & trapezoid ligaments

Question 14

The higher the grade the more?

Answer 14

Severe the signs & symptoms

Question 15

Is sprains more serious than strains & tendinosis?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Due to overstretch of ligaments, ligaments are _____ & they do not go back to their original state

Answer 16

Avascular

Question 17

When a joint is injured, what is usually more damaged before ligaments are?

Answer 17

Tendon and muscles

Question 18

What are the signs and symptoms of a Grade 1 sprain?

Answer 18

1. Can continue activity with some discomfort
2. Joint is stable

Question 19

What are the signs & symptoms of a Grade 2 sprain?

Answer 19

1. Difficulty continuing activity due to pain
2. Snapping sound at the time of injury
3. Joints gives way
4. Stable or slightly unstable joint

Question 20

What are the signs & symptoms of a Grade 3 sprain?

Answer 20

1. Unable to continue activity
2. Will take 6 months to heal
3. Joint gives way
4. Joint is unstable
5. Possible hematoma, joint effusion & hemarthrosis in acute

Question 21

Which stage of healing?
1. Inflammation is present
2. Loss of function due to swelling, protective spasm & pain
3. Bruising is red, black & blue
4. Crutches, sling
5. Muscle, blood vessel, nerve damage in grade 2 & 3

Answer 21

Acute

Question 22

Which stage of healing?
1. Inflammation decreases
2. Swelling decreases, protective spasm are still present
3. Bruising is black and blue
4. Possible crutches & sling
5. ROM is limited
6. Adhesions are starting
7. TPs in local / compensatory
8. Reduced proprioception

Answer 22

Early subacute

Question 23

Which stage of healing?
1. Inflammation further decreased
2. Edema decreased & gel like
3. Protective spasms replaced by adhesions & fascial restrictions
4. Bruising is yellow, green & brown
5. Possible crutches / sling
6. ROM increases
7. Adhesions are maturing
8. TPs in local / compensatory
9. Reduced proprioception

Answer 23

Late subacute

Question 24

Which stage of healing?
1. Inflammation is gone
2. Tissue may be cool due to adhesions, fascial restrictions
3. Edema barely noticeable
4. Bruising is gone
5. Point tenderness is local to injury site
6. ROM is mild limitation in direction of injury, strength is reduced
7. Adhesions are matured & local to ligament
8. TPs are local
9. Reduced proprioception at joint

Answer 24

Chronic