Straight from the Quizzes Flashcards
Which of the following is the component of Evidence-based practice?
a. Research evidence
b. Resources including practitioner’s expertise
c. Client/population’s characteristics
d. All of the above
d
When scientific analysis moves from the level of theoretical statements to that of testable hypotheses, the process has involved
a. Inductive reasoning
b. Deductive reasoning
c. Common sense reasoning
d. Operational definitions
b
Which of the following is NOT the characteristics of good research questions?
a. Feasible
b. Exciting
c. Novel
d. Ethical
e. Relevant
b
Which of the following is NOT the three principles described in the Belmont report?
a. Beneficence
b. Novel
c. Respect
d. Justice
b
Researchers should tell potential research participants about all aspects of the research that might reasonably influence potential participants’ decision to participate. This is called
a. Informed consent
b. Privacy
c. Deception
d. Scientific advocacy
a
Which of the following is INCORRECT about Institutional Review Board?
a. There are 3 level of review process: exempt, expedited, and full review
b. In IRB protocol, you can only include how you recruit study participants
c. It consists of at least 5 members
d. The IRB has the authority to approve, disapprove, monitor, and require modifications in all research activities
b
Paradigm is a fundamental point of view in science’s search of meaning
T/F
T
Hypothesis refers to a testable statement of presumed relationships between two or more concepts
T/F
T
Using deception can be justified if the findings of study can contribute to the world of scientific knowledge
T/F
F
No other method is available
Deception would not influence individuals’ decision to participate
In conducting research, researchers can always guarantee the confidentiality of data collected from study participants
T/F
F
Milgram study is one of examples for ethical research
T/F
F
Interpretivism is deeply related to deductive reasoning process
T/F
F
Interpritivism - Inductive
Positivism - Deductive
Interpretivism
Nature of truth- (Subjective or Objective)
Goal of Research - (Finding universal principles or Understanding individuals’ in -depth perspectives)
Methodology _ (Quantitative or Qualitative)
Nature of truth- Subjective
Goal of Research - Understanding individuals’ in -depth perspectives
Methodology _ Qualitative
Positivism
Nature of truth- (Subjective or Objective)
Goal of Research - (Finding universal principles or Understanding individuals’ in -depth perspectives)
Methodology _ (Quantitative or Qualitative)
Nature of truth - Objective
Goal of Research - Finding universal principles
Methodology - Quantitative
_____ is an approach to social work practice that integrates clinical expertise, research evidence, and client preferences
Evidence-Based Practice
This study began in 1932 and continued more than 40 years by the US Public Health Service in Macon County, Alabama. The study sample was made of poor African American men who were told that they had “bad blood.” These men did not receive standard treatment for syphilis even when penicillin was available later during the study. The men in the study were not informed of the research design and its risks to them. What is the name of the study?
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
_____ governs human subject’s protections within organization conducting research.
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Which of the following is INCORRECT about conceptualization?
a. Some concepts are straightforward
b. The process of specifying what we mean by a term
c. You can find definition from dictionaries
d. The process of connecting concept to observation
d
Which of the following is NOT included in operationalization?
a. Measure
b. Method of data collection
c. Scoring information
d. Interpretation of the scores
e. Defining a concept
e
Which of the following is the highest level of measurement
a. Ratio
b. Interval
c. Ordinal
d. Nominal
a
Which of the following is CORRECT about the level of measurement
a. It is always better to have a lower level of measurement
b. Interval level of measurement has true zero
c. Attributes can be rank-ordered in nominal level of measurement
d. Interval level of measurement has the same distance between attributes
d
Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?
a. Internal consistency reliability
b. Inter-rater reliability
c. Test-retes reliability
d. Face reliability
d
Which of the following is CORRECT about construct validity?
a. It is about the degree to which a measurement relates to an external criterion
b. There are 2 subtypes of construct validity: Convergent and Discriminant validity
c. It is the lowest level of validity
d. It is about the degree to which a measurement contain measures from the entire range of the concept that was designed to measure
b
A single item indicator has better reliability and validity in general
T/F
F
Standardized is better. It as 2+ items
We can calculate internal consistency reliability for a single item measure
T/F
F
Face validity is the highest level of validity
T/F
F
In general, random error is a big concern in measuring a concept
T/F
F
Random error is individual. Can’t be control
Systemic error is predictable
T/F
T
Systematic error affects the entire group. It is controllable
__a___ refers to consistency of a measure, whereas __b___ is about accuracy of a measure
a. Reliability
b. Validity
List 4 levels of measurement and provide an example for each
Nominal - Gender
Ordinal - 1. low 2. med 3. high
Interval - Temperature
Ration - # of sales (Has absolute 0)
In order for a measure to be considered acceptable internal consistency reliability, Cronbach’s alpha should be _____
> .7
Identify at least two ways to reduce measurement errors and briefly explain
- Pilot - Test the instruments and get feedback
- Triangulate - Use several measurements (Presentation, exam, paper)
- Train - interviewers
- Make sure measurements are not obtrusive - participants don’t know they’re being measured
What is the clear distinction between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?
a. Having a big sample size
b. Use of random selection
c. Employment of experimental design
d. Type of survey method used
b
Which of the following is INCORRECT about probability sampling?
a. In a probability sample, the probability of selection is known
b. There is no sampling error
c. There is no systematic bias in selection
d. If you are interested in generalizing the findings of study, you need to use probability sampling
b
Which 2 sampling methods require that the researcher know something about the salient characteristics of the population (such as race, ethnicity, or gender) before selecting samples?
a. Simple random and stratified random
b. Stratified random and quota
c. Quota and multi-stage cluster
d. Multi-stage cluster and purposive
b
A researcher conducts a survey of students randomly selected from Introduction to Social Work classes at State University. The researchers then attempt to generalize these findings to all college students. In this example, the target population is:
a. All social work students
b. All social work students at State University
c. All college students
d. All college students at State University
c
A list of registered voters in City X show that 30% of the population is registered as Democrat, 50% as Republican, and 20% as Independent/Other. Which of the following would be closest to a proportionate stratified random sample of 100 voters in City X?
a. 33 Dem, 33 Rep, and 34 Ind
b. 40 Dem, 40 Rep, and 20 Ind
c. 50 Dem, 30 Rep, and 20 Ind
d. 30 Dem, 50 Rep, and 20 Ind
d
Sampling allows us to determine generalizability of research findings
T/F
T
Cluster sampling is a type of non-probability sampling
F
Probability
Non-probability sampling methods allow for generalization to be made to the broad population of interest
T/F
F
An advantage of proportionate stratified random sampling is that you can ensure that certain demographic characteristics are represented in the sample in exact proportion to those characteristic in the population
T/F
T
A list of all elements or other unites containing the elements in a population: ________
Sampling frame
The entire group of research subjects that you would like to study about: _____
Population
A subset of the population that you would conduct study with: ______
Sample
The difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of a population from which it was drawn from is: ______
Sampling error
Sub-groups within the population are identified as sharing some characteristics, and elements are randomly selected from within those sub-groups: ______
Stratified Random Sampling
Elements are selected by use of a random number table: ______
Simple Random Sampling
A procedure that uses accidental or convenience selection techniques: _______
Availability Sampling
A social work researcher has decided to do a study of people who have adopted children from outside the USA. He asks a friend, whom he knows to have recently adopted and asks if he would consent to an interview. He interviews his friend, and then asks his friend if he could name other people who have recently adopted children from outside the USA. his friend provides him with five names of other families. This sampling technique is known as: ______
Snowball Sampling
What are the other names for availability sampling?
Accidental sampling
Convenience sampling
In order to establish a casual relationship between variables, which of the following is required?
a. Time order
b. Association between IV and DV
c. Nonspuriousness
d. All of the above
d
What ate the 2 required components to be an experimental design? a. Random Sampling b. Control group c. Valid measurement e Random Assignment
b & e
Which of the following is CORRECT about random assignment?
a. Random assignment is often infeasible in real world practice settings
b. Random assignment is how a researcher draws the sample of people for a study from a population
c. Random assignment is relevant to generalizability
c. Random assignment is relevant to external validity
a
In true experimental design, what is the purpose of random assignment?
a. In order to establish external validity
b. In order to find a significant relationship between variables
c. In order to produce equivalent groups for experimental and control groups
d. In order to evaluate measurement
c