2nd Quiz (Measurements)

Question 1

Conceptualization

Answer 1

1. The process of specifying what we mean by a term
2. Some concepts are straight forward
3. Can find definitions from dictionary

Question 2

Operationalization

Answer 2

Process of connecting concepts to observation
Includes:
1. Measure
2. Method of data collection
3. Scoring information
4. Interpretation of the scores

Question 3

Nominal measurement

Additional

Answer 3

1. Value: Just “name”
2. No mathematical interpretation
   Ex: gender, ethnicity
   Lowest level of measure

Question 4

Ordinal measurement

Additional

Answer 4

1. Rank-ordered
2. Interval between values don’t have meaning
   Ex: 1. low 2. medium 3. high

Question 5

Interval Measurement

Answer 5

1. Same distance between values
2. No absolute 0
   Ex: Temperature

Question 6

Ratio Measurement

Answer 6

1. Has absolut 0

2. Highest level of measure

Question 7

Reliability

(Additional)

Answer 7

Consistency of measurement

Question 8

Types of Reliability

Answer 8

1. Internal consistency
2. Test-retest reliability
3. Alternative-form reliability
4. Inter-rater reliability

Question 9

Validity

Answer 9

Accuracy of a measurement

- Scale’s ability to measure what is design to measure

Question 10

Types of Validity

Answer 10

1. Face validity
2. Content validity
3. Criterion validity
4. Construct validity

Question 11

Construct Validity

Answer 11

Degree to which a measurement measures a similar concept or a different concept

Question 12

Types of Construct Validity

Answer 12

1. Convergent Validity

2. Discriminant Validity

Question 13

Single Indicator

Answer 13

• Single item question
• Low reliability and validity
• Can’t calculate consistency reliability for a single item measure

Question 14

Scale Indicator

Answer 14

Combination of set of items

-Better reliability and validity than Single Indicator

Question 15

Face Validity

Answer 15

Lowes level of validity

Question 16

Systematic Error

Answer 16

1. Systematic error = Bias
2. Affects average performance for the entire group
3. Predictable
   Ex: Construction on building/Everybody’s exam score goes down

Question 17

Random Error

Answer 17

1. Does not affect average performance for the group
2. Unpredictable
3. Can’t be controlled
   Ex: You feel bad today. Your exam score goes down, the rest of the class does not.

Question 18

Cronbach’s alpha

Answer 18

• Measure to consider acceptable internal consistency reliability should be >.7

Question 19

Ways to reduce measurement errors

Answer 19

• Pilot: test the instrument you are going to use to measure
• Triangulate: Use different ways of measure (Exam, Paper, Presentation)
• Train Interviewers or observers
• Use unobtrusive measurements