Storage Failures Flashcards
What percentage of psychologists believe we never forget anything? What about non-psychologists?
Psychologists - 84%
Non-psychologists - 69%
What percentage of psychologists believe we do forget things? What about non-psychologists?
Psychologists - 14%
Non-psychologists - 23%
What are 3 reasons why it is a common belief that we never forget anything?
- Psychoanalysis
- Hypnosis
- Brain stimulation
What is psychoanalysis?
During analysis, patients may recover memories for traumatic or unpleasant events which seemed to have been lost.
What are 3 issues of psychoanalysis?
- False Memories.
- Repression.
- Does this only apply to some specific events?
What is hypnosis?
Under hypnosis, people may be age regressed to recall lost details of their lives, or details from crime scenes.
What are 2 issues with hypnosis?
- Suggestibility
- Does hypnosis add anything to Interviewing?
What did Wilder Penfield find through his research on epileptics?
Direct stimulation of the temporal lobes often
resulted in patients spontaneously reporting
memory-like events.
What % of patients in Penfield’s epileptic study reported things that could only be identified as being past experiences?
Less than 3% (12).
What are mechanisms for forgetting in encoding/storage/retrieval?
Encoding
- Failure to encode
Storage
- Decay
- Interference
- Repression
Retrieval
- Retrieval failure
What is retroactive interference?
New learning causes forgetting of old material.
What is proactive interference?
Old learning causes forgetting of new material.
What do Keppel & Underwood (1962) demonstrate?
That Brown-Peterson forgetting is at least partly caused by Proactive Interference rather than decay.
What did Loftus & Palmer (1974) find from their study on interference from misinformation?
32% of the “smashed” group said yes.
14% of the “hit” group said yes.
What did Loftus et al. (1978) find in their study?
When question was consistent, performance was 75%.
When question was misleading, performance was 51%.
