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Oral Phy > Stomatognathic System And Its Primary Function > Flashcards

Stomatognathic System And Its Primary Function Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit characterized by several structures: skeletal components, dental arches, soft tissues and the TMJ and masticatory muscles. These structures act in harmony to perform different tasks such as to speak, eat and swallow food

A

Stomatognathic system

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2
Q

Mechanical breakdown of food placed in the mouth

A

Mastication

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3
Q

Enzymes involved in mastication

A

Salivary amylase
Lingual lipase

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4
Q

Mastications is involved in what movement

A

Lateral and vertical movement

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5
Q

Masticatory apparatus

A

Teeth, TMJ, elevator and depressor muscles, tongue, lips palate and salivary glands

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6
Q

Main organ of mastication

A

Teeth

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7
Q

The anterior teeth provides what action when eating

A

Grasping, incising, tearing

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8
Q

The posterior teeth provides what action when eating

A

Cutting and grinding

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9
Q

Chewing cycle

A

Opening phase
Chewing phase
Occlusal or intercuspal phase

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10
Q

A cycle in which the mandible is depressed, the mouth opens, and the max and man teeth separates, once food is in the mouth tongue does the pull back process and position food on the working site

A

Opening cycle

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11
Q

In the opening cycle phase, what does the tongue do?

A

The tongue does the pull back process and position food in the working site

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12
Q

Last process of opening phase

A

Pull back process

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13
Q

Definition of working site

A

Where the food is currently being chewed

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14
Q

Definition of non working site

A

When there is no food that is being chewed

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15
Q

The phase in which the mandible is raised towards the maxilla and tooth-food-tooth contact occurs

A

Closing phase

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16
Q

The muscles involved in closing phase

A

Medial pterygoid, masseter, temporalis

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17
Q

The phase in which no further vertical movement occurs but horizontal, bucco-lingual and antero-posterior movements occur, then theres power stroke (food is compressed), the teeth are either in contact or eparated by a layer of food

A

Occlusal or intercuspal phase

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18
Q

muscles that are involved in occlusal or intercuspal phase

A

(Balancing side) medial pterygoid and post head of temporalis

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19
Q

MUSCLES OF MASTCATION

A

T - temporalis
I - internal or lateral pterygoid
M - masseter
E - medial or external pterygoid

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20
Q

Muscle of mastication: elevation of jaw

A

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid muscles

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21
Q

Muscles of mastication: jaw opening/ depression

A

Lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid muscle

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22
Q

2 parts of lateral pterygoid M

A

Superior: active in elevation and medial movement from lateral postion
Inferior: active during depression and protrusion

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23
Q

OINA of temporalis

A

O - temporal fossa, temporal fascia
I - coronoid process and ramus of mandible
N - ant and post deep temporal nerves (V3)
A - elevated and retracts mandible
Artery - ant and post temporal artery: middle temporal A

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24
Q

OINA or medial pterygoid: DEEP

A

O - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I - lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible
N - nerve to media pterygoid muscles
A - laterally moves and protracts muscles
Artery - pterygoid branch of maxillary A

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25
Q

OINA of medial pterygoid: SUPERFICIAL

A

O - maxillary tuberosity, pyramidal process of palatine bone
I - medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
N - nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
A - laterally moves and protracts muscle
Artery - pterygoid branch of maxillary A

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26
Q

OINA of masseter: DEEP

A

O - inferior aspect of zygomatic arch
I - lateral aspect of coronoid
N - masseteric N
A - elevates. Mandible,: assists in protraction of mandible
Artery - masseteric A; transverse facial A, facial A

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27
Q

OINA of masseter: SUPERFICIAL

A

O - inferior aspect of zygomatic arch
I - lateral aspect of ramus of mandible
N - masseteric nerve
A - elevates mandible; assists in protraction of mandible
Artery - masseteric A; transverse facial A, facial A

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28
Q

OINA of lateral pterygoid: SUPERIOR HEAD

A

O - infra-temporal surface and infra-temporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
I - neck of mandible
N - nerve to lateral pterygoid muscles
A - laterally moves and protracts mandible
Artery - pterygoid branch of maxillary A, ascending palatine artery

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29
Q

OINA of lateral pterygoid: INFERIOR HEAD

A

O - lateral aspect of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I - neck of mandible
N - nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
A - laterally moves and protracts mandible
Artery - pterygoid branches of maxillary artery, ascending palatine A

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30
Q

Other muscles that are active during masitcation

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of the tongue
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Infra hyoid muscles

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31
Q

Chewing cycle

A

Centric occlusion - incising occlusion
Opening phase - mouth is opening
Crushing phase - closing phase
Grinding phase - occlusal or intercuspal phase happens

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32
Q

Evident when eating or drinking fluid

A

Anterior oral seal

33
Q

Not evident when eating but occurs when drinking fluid so as to continue the fluid to the mouth prior to swallowing

A

Posterior oral seal

34
Q

Lateral body shift of the mandible at the working side during laterotrusive movement

A

Bennett movement

35
Q

Side that is in contact when doing masticatory movement, mandible is moving laterally and slightly posteriorly, 1-5mm, working or rotating condyle

A

Working side

36
Q

An angle between the midsaggital plant and the curve of the non-working condyle

A

Bennett angle

37
Q

Articulators can record bennett angle

A

Prosthodontics

38
Q

Opposite non-working side, mandible is moving forwards, downwards and slightly medially, balancing or orbiting cycle

A

Non-working / balancing side

39
Q

Role of saliva

A

Bolus formation, (H2O) moistens food particles, (mucins) binds food particles resulting to coherent and slippery bolus

Start of chemical digestion though salivary amylase (carbohydrate breakdown) and lingual lipase (lipid breakdown)

40
Q

Biting force or molar

A

500-700N between molar teeth

41
Q

biting force of incisors

A

Between 100N

42
Q

Forces during mastication ranges between??

A

70 - 150 N

43
Q

Forces over 1500N are reported especially for

A

Bruxist

44
Q

Factors of biting force

A

Ethnicity
Gender ( male are stronger )
Age - old people, low biting force
BMI - obese, lower biting force, due to adipose tissue content in the body
Orthodontic treatment
TMJ disorders

45
Q

Mastication: control

A

Brainstem region
- area of rhythmical masticatory movement generation from sensory inputs of the mouth (mechanoceptors)
- from the sensory inputs, the brainstem release a feedback through mastication reflex

46
Q

Produced after stimulation of jaw opening muscles and periodontal mechanoreceptors, reproduced through slight beating of the chin

A

Jaw opening reflex

47
Q

produced after mechanical stimulation of mechanoreceptors

A

Jaw closing reflex

48
Q

Is a reflex process of muscular contraction aiming to forward food, saliva or other substance from the oral cavity to the stomach

A

Deglutition

49
Q

Frequency of deglutition

A

One per minute
Decrease of swallowing activity occurs during sleep

50
Q

3 phase of swallowing

A

Oral or buccal
Pharyngeal
Esophageal

51
Q

Swallowing control is located where

A

Brainstem ( especially in the medulla oblongata and lower pons )

52
Q

Different stimuli of deglutition

A

Sour perception
Taste (sweet and salty)
Smell - familiarity
Trigeminal perception
- thermal
- touch
- chemical agent
- carbonation
Texture perception
- softer foods are more easier to swallow

53
Q

Process of articulation and phonation

A

Articulation - formation of clear and distinct sound in speech
Phonation - production and utterance or speech sound

54
Q

Phonation process

A

.

55
Q

The study of the production of speech sounds in the vocal tract

A

Articulatory phonetics

56
Q

Two types of vowel sounds

A

Monophthongs - involve one vowel quality
Diphthongs - involve two vowel qualities

57
Q

Criteria for describing vowels

A

Height
Backness
Roundedness
Height

58
Q

Refers to how high or low the tongue is in the mouth when producing the vowel

A

Height

59
Q

Refers to how far front or back the tongue is when producing the vowel, front, central and back vowel

A

Backness

60
Q

Whether or not the lips are rounded when producing the vowel

A

Roundedness

61
Q

How to descirbe vowels

A

Hight -> backness -> roundedness

62
Q

Describing consonants

A

Voicing
Place of articulation
Manner of articulation

63
Q

What is it callled when the air passes through open vocal folds

A

Voiceless sound

64
Q

what is it called when air passes through vibrating vocal folds

A

Voiced sounds

65
Q

Refers to where in the vocal tract the constriction of airflow takes place

A

Place of articulation

66
Q

Produced with the upper teeth and he lower lips such as f & v

A

Labiodental sounds

67
Q

Produced with the tongue in between the upper and lower teeth such as think and that

A

Interdental sounds

68
Q

Produced with the tongue at or near the ridge right behind that upper front teeth such as t, d & s

A

Alveolar sounds

69
Q

produced at the hard palate or the roof of the mouth such as shirt, pleasure, yellow

A

Palatal sounds

70
Q

Produced at the glottis or the space betwen the vocal folds such as h & batman

A

Glottal sounds

71
Q

refers to how the airflow is constricted in the vocal tract

A

Manner of articulation

72
Q

Result from a complete constriction of airflow followed by a release of that air such as p,t,k,b,d,g,

A

Stop sounds

73
Q

Produced when the tongue approaches but does not make contact with a place of articulation causing bottleneck of the airflow that gives the sound of friction like v, th, z and sh

A

Fricative

74
Q

Results from the sequence of stop plus fricative in rapid succession ch represents t plus sh; g results from d & j

A

Affricate

75
Q

Produced when the velum is lowered allowing air to pass through the nasal cavity such as m,n & ng

A

Nasal sounds

76
Q

Produced by allowing air to pass by one or both sides at the tongue and the tongue itsel can move a lot to shape the sounds such as l & r

A

Liquid sounds

77
Q

Produced with very little constriction or airflow so little that they are often referred to as semi-vowels such as w & j

A

Glide sounds

78
Q

Involved rapid flick of the tongue to some place of articulation (rapid flick of the tongue at the alveolar ridge); example butter (two t producing a top sound)

A

Top sounds

79
Q

How to describe consonants

A

Voicing -> place of articulation -> manner of articulation

Oral Phy (8 decks)

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